Thursday, January 15, 2026

Introduction To This Blog System

                                                                                                                                                                                 

Image used by permission

Postings may be later combined into a compound posting on this blog. Many of the postings concern my observations in various branches of science, but there are also many on technology, religion, economics and, general world issues.

I would really like to thank everyone who reads any of these blogs for your interest.
 
SCIENCE WRITING
 
Most of the postings on this blog are visits to various places around the world, and articles about such topics as history and religion. But much of the writing is about science. I do not write about what is already known but only if I can write something new, or at least a new way of looking at things.
 
If you would like a quick background in the science and mathematics that everyone should really know in the 21st Century, the posting "Scientific Literacy" provides this in about a hundred paragraphs. Similarly, "The Way Things Work" provides a quick background in everyday technology.
 
I am a Christian and I want to show that belief in God is not unscientific at all. I was interested in science long before I was interested in religion, and have never had any trouble believing that God created everything.
 
There are five major scientific theories, each arranged in the form of a textbook. The first four of the following five are on this blog.
 
"The Theory Of Stationary Space" is my cosmological theory of how so much revolves around time being explained by us being in four-dimensional space, with the dimension that we cannot access being perceived as time. This is my version of string theory, with matter actually being strings in four dimensions rather than particles in three dimensions. Everything is ultimately based on negative and positive electric charges, with energy being able to overcome the laws of attraction and repulsion of electric charges. No one has ever explained exactly what time is, and a myriad of explanations of other things fall right into place around it.
 
"The Flow Of Information Through The Universe" is about how so much can be explained by seeing how there is a limited amount of information, and it must be the same information that constructs the highest levels as the lowest levels. A ready example is how the orbits of planets around the sun is based on the orbitals of electrons around the nucleus, in the atoms of which the sun and planets are composed. This concept is extremely useful because, understanding this, we can study things that we cannot directly see by analyzing things that we can see because all must be built on the same information.
 
"The Theory Of Complexity" is about what information actually is, how energy and information is really the same thing, and how we see the universe as we do because of our perspective of being at a higher level of information than our inanimate surroundings.
 
"The Lowest Information Point" is about how, since information and energy is really the same thing and the universe always seeks the lowest energy state, it also always seeks the "Lowest Information Point". So much is explained by how the universe prefers equalities to inequalities and related ratios where the numerator of one ratio is also the denominator of the other. This explains so much from why dust particles are as big as they to why the planets and stars are the scale that they are.
 
"The Story Of Planet Earth", on the geology blog, is about how virtually every major feature of the earth's surface, both on land and seafloor, can be explained by lines of magma emergence from below that were affected by the landing of three Continental Asteroids. Many people believe that land originated from a past "super-continent", but there is no explanation of where it came from.
 
There are a few of what we could call "minor" theories, where there is not as much written as with the major theories. On this blog, there is "How Biology And Human Life Fits Into Cosmology". On the meteorology and biology blog, there is my theory of the nature of water, "Water Made Really Simple".
 
There are compound postings about science which are groupings of writing about a certain topic.
 
Scientific compound postings include, "Computer Science", "Atomic Science", "Measurement", "A Celebration Of The Inverse Square Law", "Our Solar System", "Mind-Bending Cosmology", "The Configuration Of The Solar System Made Really Simple", "In Appreciation Of Electrons", "The Science Of Human Society " and "Orbital And Escape Velocities And Impacts from Space".
 
Compound postings about history and the world include "The House Of Holy Wisdom, Where The Modern World Began", "Niagara Stories", "Economics", "How History Repeats Itself", "The Meaning Of Freedom", "The Western Hemisphere", "Our Language" and, "America And The Modern World Explained By Way Of Paris".
 
There are two compound postings about prophecies and the Bible. There is "The Aztec Prophecy" than, for prophecies that are directly made in the Bible there is "New Insight Into Bible Prophecy".
 
"Investigations" is the compound posting that is a collection of any posting about an investigation.
 
The rest of the postings are individual postings. For more detailed information about this blog, see the posting "Thanks To Readers". For general topics of conversation, see "Thoughts And Observations", on the world and economics blog.  

Other Blogs And Books

                                                                                                                            

Lights at night 

Here is a quick look at my other blogs before you start this one.

On this blog, you can see a list of all postings by clicking on the year or month to the right. But on the topical blogs, that is not the case. If you click on a year or month on those blogs, it will display the postings themselves, but the list on the right will still only show those postings that were added most recently.

To access a list of all postings on those blogs, it is necessary to click on the arrow in front of the year or month in question.

http://www.markmeekeconomics.blogspot.com/ is about economics, history and, general human issues.

http://www.markmeekprogress.blogspot.com/ concerns progress in technology and ideas.

http://www.markmeekearth.blogspot.com/ is my geology and global natural history blog for topics other than glaciers. My natural history blogs concerning the impact of glaciers is http://www.markmeekworld.blogspot.com/ .

http://www.markmeekniagara.blogspot.com/ is about new discoveries concerning natural history in the general area of Niagara Falls.

http://www.markmeeklife.blogspot.com/ is my observations concerning meteorology and biology.

http://www.markmeekphysics.blogspot.com/ is my blog about physics and astronomy.

http://www.markmeekcosmology.blogspot.com/ is my version of string theory that solves many unsolved mysteries about the underlying structure and beginning of the universe.

http://www.markmeekpatterns.blogspot.com/ details my work with the fundamental patterns and complexity that underlies everything in existence.

 http://www.markmeekreligion.blogspot.com/ is my religion blog.

 http://www.markmeekcreation.blogspot.com/ is proof that there must be a god.

http://www.markmeekphotos.blogspot.com/ is my travel photos of Europe.

On my photo blogs, Blogspot will not hold all of the photos in each blog in a straight line. To see all of the photos, you must click on the bottom posting listed on the right at the top of the blog after seeing all that there are in the initial showing. The last posting in the North America blog should be "Tijuana, Mexico" and the last posting in the Europe blog should be "Notre Dame Cathedral Door And Arc De Triomphe, Paris". Each photo in the photo blogs can be clicked on to enlarge it to full screen.

My autobiography is http://www.mark-meek.blogspot.com/

My books can be seen at http://www.bn.com/ http://www.amazon.com/ or, http://www.iuniverse.com/ just do an author search for "Mark Meek".   

Brussels

Brussels, the capital and largest city of Belgium, is also the headquarters of the European Union. It is a very old city. Belgium has been ruled by the Netherlands, Spain, Austria and, France, before gaining independence from the Netherlands in 1830 to become an independent country.

Belgium separated from the Netherlands primarily because of religion, so that it could remain Catholic. Belgium is split by language. The northern part of the country, known as Flanders, primarily speaks Dutch. The southern part, known as Wallonia, primarily speaks French. Brussels is actually within the Dutch-speaking area, but French has gradually become the daily language.

One of the first things that comes to mind about Belgium is beer. My impression is that beer is to Belgium as wine is to France. There are a myriad of dark beers and light beers, and Belgians have well-established routines as to which beer is appropriate for any given moment.

If the southern part of Belgium speaks French, then why didn't it just join neighboring France? The answer could be the old beer vs. wine conflict. Belgium drinks beer and France drinks wine. Further east why should Austria, which speaks German, be separate from Germany? Could part of the reason be that Austria drinks wine while Germans drink beer with that grand celebration of beer, Oktoberfest, being held in neighboring Bavaria?

In this visit, I compare various features of Brussels with corresponding features of Paris. In no way do I think that Brussels is copying Paris, but that the two French-speaking cities have developed along parallel tracks.

The famous square at the center of Brussels, with the medieval guild halls, is called Grand Place. It began as a marketplace in the Middle Ages. If there is a more attractive city square in the world, I cannot imagine what it is. The following eight images of Grand Place are from Google Earth And Street View. The building with the tower is the City Hall.









There are multiple scenes following. To see the scenes, after the first one, you must first click the up arrow ^, before you can move on to the next scene by clicking the right or forward arrow, >,  After clicking the up arrow, you can then hide the previews of successive scenes, if you wish.





https://www.google.com/maps/@50.8421953,4.3597055,3a,60y,313.15h,91.59t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sJN-hLd6zDDk7GBT57XqXYQ!2e0!7i13312!8i6656

But Laeken is where the Belgian royal family lives today. The first two images of the Laeken Palace are from Google Street View.









https://www.google.com/maps/@50.8478329,4.3601078,3a,75y,134.67h,90t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMkz8MZZfDegaCwjBcO0PmpZLvm1RgEKosOYYB4!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMkz8MZZfDegaCwjBcO0PmpZLvm1RgEKosOYYB4%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi2.3990767-ya12.494568-ro-1.6568412-fo100!7i5376!8i2688

The Congress Column is in memory of Belgian independence. What is now Belgium used to be the southern part of the Netherlands. But earlier Spanish control had lasted longer in the southern area and that contributed to it being more Catholic than the Protestant northern part of the Netherlands. An opera inspired the Catholic south to rebel, in 1830, to form the separate nation of Belgium. This revolution took place just after the July Revolution, in France, in which the House of Bourbon was replaced by the cadet House of Orleans. The Netherlands had earlier broken away from Spanish control to become the Dutch Republic, in 1531. The first image of the Congress Column is from Google Street View.










https://www.google.com/maps/@50.8670934,4.3170834,3a,75y,187.82h,90t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNWUc_N7Y9w3VnNE-5u7omERLe1kma6YQ-kBhWS!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNWUc_N7Y9w3VnNE-5u7omERLe1kma6YQ-kBhWS%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya261.95532-ro-0-fo100!7i7680!8i3840

This is the Cinquantenaire Arch, where many museums are located. This could be thought of as Belgium's version of the Louvre, along with Napoleon's arch there which also has four horses. It also resonates with the Eiffel Tower, as this was built on the fiftieth anniversary of the Belgian Revolution as the Eiffel Tower was built on the hundredth anniversary of the French Revolution. The first three images of the Arch are from Google Street View.





https://www.google.com/maps/@50.8404277,4.3933942,3a,75y,310.45h,90t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNlErqHBR8npMGtupA51Jxh3nni_Oq73BDqTz3x!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNlErqHBR8npMGtupA51Jxh3nni_Oq73BDqTz3x%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya323.47458-ro-0-fo100!7i5660!8i2830

The molecular model of an iron crystal, the Atomium, was built for the 1958 Expo in Brussels. This can be considered as Belgium's version of the Eiffel Tower, which was built for the 1889 Expo in Paris. The first four images are from Google Earth and Street View.









Apocalyptic Developments

This is in regard to scenario presented in the parallel postings "The End Of The World As We Know It" and "Inducing The Apocalypse".

We know that the Antichrist will be from Europe, and that the reign of the Antichrist must happen before Jesus establishes His Kingdom on earth. Donald Trump is doing so much to shake up the global order. By capturing the President of Venezuela and threatening to take over Greenland, which would divide NATO, Donald Trump is taking the world back to the era of great powers. Instead of a world of law and order, this was a world where the strongest countries did pretty much whatever they wanted to. The Danish Prime Minister stated that the U.S. taking Greenland would mean the end of NATO. Donald Trump, as the pre-eminent leader in the world who does whatever he wants to, is creating the role for the Antichrist to step into.

So what can Europe do, with Russia on one side and America on the other? The European countries, which are semi-united in the European Union, are middle powers but not a great power. But what if Europe could come up with a great leader of it's own, that was more powerful than Donald Trump or Vladimir Putin?

We saw in "The End Of The World As We Know It" how Iran will be one of the countries that joins in the future invasion of Israel, which will start the final series of wars of the world. The Iranian Revolution is really faltering, and the revolutionary government in danger of being overthrown. There is one thing that would really revive the revolution, as well as making Iran one of the most popular countries in the world, and that is for it to invade Israel.

Russia's Oreshnik Missile

Russia has launched an Oreshnik missile into Ukraine. These are nuclear capable missiles, although it was launched without a nuclear warhead. The missile travels at several times the speed of sound, and this makes it extremely difficult to intercept.

The name of the missile means "hazel tree". This is reportedly because the light trails of the multiple warheads falling resembles the catkins on a hazel tree. This means that they would also resemble what are known as "falling stars", actually meteors.

The Book of Revelation, Chapter 8, describes a "falling star" that is named Wormwood. It also describes how people would die from drinking the "water made bitter" by the falling star. It turns out that the cardinal rule of surviving after a nuclear attack or mishap is to never drink from open water. The skin shields against alpha particles but they are deadly if they get inside the body.

But why would a "falling star" be named for wormwood, which is a shrub? In 1986 there was the nuclear meltdown at Chernobyl, which is also in Ukraine, and the name of Chernobyl means "Wormwood".

I wonder if the Oreshnik missile could have been purposely designed and named so that it would fulfill Bible Prophecy.

For a detailed explanation of Bible Prophecy see the parallel postings on this blog, "The End Of The World As We Know It" and "Inducing The Apocalypse".

The Compass Ruler

Have you ever thought about inventing something? Or coming up with an idea of your own? Here is a measurement tool that I invented. Now there are measurement apps for phones, but I thought of this in the 1990s.

There is a very simple measurement tool that I thought of that can quickly and easily accomplish tasks that are very cumbersome and time-consuming with existing methods. This tool can be very easily homemade and I believe that anyone involved in any kind of building, constructing or, surveying would find it invaluable. 

I decided, for various reasons, not to pursue a patent for it any longer. So, I have decided to put it here in the public domain so that anyone can make their own and no one else can get a patent on it.

One day, I drove past some large fuel storage tanks in Tonawanda, NY near the South Grand Island Bridges. Just as a mental exercise, I tried to dream up a way to quickly measure the circumference of such tanks or another large, circular object. I started thinking of measuring the curvature over a given linear distance with the idea that the less the curvature per linear distance, the larger the circumference.

THE CONTACT MEASUREMENT VERSION

But then another idea clicked into my mind. What if someone got an ordinary magnetic compass and enlarged either the compass itself or it's mounting so that it was circular and of a known circumference, such as a yard or a meter? 

Suppose we then placed the edge of the compass against the side of a large fuel tank and noted the directional reading given by the compass needle. Then we would note the point on the side of the compass that was in contact with the side of the tank. If we proceeded to rotate the compass over a complete circle and noted the change in the directional reading of the needle, we would have all the information needed to quickly and easily calculate the circumference of the fuel tank.

The magnetic compass is in the center. The plywood base is exactly one meter in circumference. Numbers from zero to 360 degrees are around the outside edge. The numbers on the inside are for measuring circumference or curvature.


If we placed the compass against the side of the fuel tank and noted that the directional reading of the needle was 192 degrees and then rotated the compass a complete circle so that the point on it's edge that had originally contacted the side of the tank was back in the same place, all we would have to do would be to take the fraction of a complete circle that the needle changed during the rotation and multiply it by the circumference of the compass mounting and we would have the answer, the circumference of the tank.

For example, If the compass mounting was one yard in circumference and, upon completion of the rotation the needle had moved from 192 degrees to 196 degrees, the circumference of the tank would be 360/4 times one yard. In other words, 90 yards. This presumes, of course, that the tank is a perfect circle.

I decided that the device would be called "The Compass Ruler" and made one of my own by getting a Wal-Mart hiking compass, breaking off the casing and, gluing it onto a piece of plywood I had cut with a jig saw to a circumference of exactly one meter. I knew enough about building and construction to know that such a tool was not in common use. However, I checked extensively to see if such a tool was in use anywhere and found no sign that it was. 

There was once such a thing as a surveyor's compass, that had fallen into disuse, but it was a compass mounted on a stand and was in no way used like my Compass Ruler would be. On my device, measurements would be taken by actually contacting the side of a structure.

The principle of the operation of the Compass Ruler is simple. Just as a plumb, a weight tied to a string, uses the earth's gravity as a fixed reference point for measurement of vertical angles, the Compass Ruler uses the earth's magnetic field as a fixed reference point for measurement of horizontal angles. The Compass Ruler obviously must be marked around the circumference edge in degrees, just as a protractor would be.

There is an even simpler version of the Compass Ruler. Simply take a square of wood, 1 x 4 for example, and glue a compass in the middle of it. For best results, be sure that it is indeed a square and that each cardinal direction of the compass faces toward the middle of one side of the wood. Suppose you have built a corner between two walls or fences and you want to be sure that it does indeed form a right angle. Simply hold one side of your Compass Ruler against one wall and note the directional reading of the needle. Then hold the same side against the other wall. You should get a change in the needle of exactly ninety degrees. Simple.

This method is just as useful if the two walls do not actually contact each other, or for that matter do not even come near each other. This makes the old standby, the builder's square seem awkward and obsolete by comparison. Verifying a right angle by the 3-4-5 Pythagorean Theorem method is also awkward and time-consuming.

Suppose it is necessary to measure the angle between any two walls that do not actually intersect. With a builder's square it is impossible. With tape measures it is tedious, time-consuming and, prone to error. With a surveying crew, it is expensive. With my Compass Ruler, it is almost effortless.

This image shows measurement of the first wall at position A. Zero the compass needle, remember that the outside edge of the Compass Ruler is marked from zero to 360 degrees. Note the contact point against the wall when the needle is zeroed, shown by the yellow dot. Then put the contact point, the yellow dot, on the other wall, shown in position B. The needle of the compass will continue to point in the same direction but the angle of the zero point on the Compass Ruler will be different. If the two walls are indeed perpendicular, the difference will now be 90 degrees. If the walls are perfectly perpendicular then the difference will be 180 degrees. It does not matter if the walls are in contact or near each other.


What if you have built a long wall or fence and want to verify it's straightness? All you have to do is walk down the wall, taking periodic measurements with the Compass Ruler by placing the same point on it's edge against the wall. If the wall is indeed straight, you will get exactly the same directional reading of the needle on every measurement. If it is not straight, by measuring the wall with the Compass Ruler at given intervals, you can tell by how much it curves.

This is also useful for a vast number of other such similar measurements. How would you verify that two parallel walls are truly parallel? Just take a reading on one wall with the Compass Ruler. Then, go to the other wall and put the same edge against that wall. If the walls are parallel, you will get a difference in the directional readings of 180 degrees.

Suppose you wished to set up a series of signs along a road and wished them to all have the same directional orientation. How would you do it? What if you were setting up a sign along the road and wanted it to be set at 45 degrees to the road to give maximum exposure. Or suppose you were building a wall or fence and wished it to run parallel (or perpendicular) to the road.

All of these tasks would be difficult, impossible or expensive with existing methods. With my Compass Ruler, all would be simple and easy. To measure the directional orientation of the road with the Compass Ruler, simply place the device on the road surface alongside a traffic line on the road. Then set up the sign at the desired angle, relative to the road.


Measurement of curvature is just as easy with the Compass Ruler. Just take readings against the curved structure at regular intervals. Curvature can be expressed as change in the directional orientation of the needle per given linear distance. Another advantage of either version of the Compass Ruler, either the circular or the simpler square version of the device, is that contact measurements, such as those described above, are not hampered if two structures to be measured and compared are not visible from each other or if there is an obstacle, like a row of bushes, between two structures.

THE SURVEYING VERSION

Surveying is easy with the Compass Ruler. Suppose you want to get an accurate measurement of the distance to a certain remote point. First, you would either set up or pick out a remote visible reference point to use in the measurements. Then you would mark the local point from which you would take the measurement to the remote point. Then you would establish a measurement point a convenient distance away so that a line from the local point (Point A) to the nearby measurement point (Point C) would form a right angle with a line from point A to the remote point (Point B).

Using a straight-edge, such as a perfectly straight 1 x 4 board as shown by the red line in the first image, you would sight on the remote point B from the local point A looking straight down the straight-edge. You would use the Compass Ruler to note the directional orientation of the straight-edge as it points from Point A to Point B. You would then go to the nearby measurement Point C that you have selected and take another sighting on the remote Point B from there.



All you would than have to do is take the difference in the angular reading of the two measurements. Using a scientific calculator, you would get the cotangent of the angular difference. You would then multiply the cotangent by the distance from Point A, the local point, to the nearby measurement Point C. That would give you the distance from Point A to the remote Point B.

Obviously, for best results in surveying using the Compass Ruler, measurements must be taken carefully. The distance from Point A to Point C must be accurately measured. And, the same spot on the remote point B must be sighted upon. The longer the carefully measured distance from Point A to Point C is in relation to the distance from Point A to the remote Point B is, the better the result will be. It should always be at least 10% of the remote distance.

It is not necessary to have a right angle between the two lines from points A to C and from A to B, but if not, the simplicity of a cotangent calculation will be lost and a graphical calculation will become necessary. If possible, the baseline for the measurement from Point A to Point C can make use of a pre-existent line, such as a road.

The straight-edge can be built onto the Compass Ruler if it is to be used for surveying. For even better results, the straight-edge can be fitted with a small telescope, a laser pointer, or, both. A vertically diagonal mirror can make it possible to see the compass on the Compass Ruler at the same time that the sighting is being done. For a finishing touch, the entire device can be set on a mounting.

To set up a marker, such as a traffic cone, at a given distance in a given direction from a starting point, use the reverse of this method. Pre-set a sighting from a Point B to that distance and have a rodman walk with the marker until he is in the sight. Then use hand signals or radio/phone communication to have the marker set up at the correct point.

Suppose you are out on the water in a boat and wish to measure how far you are from shore because you notice a shipwreck or some other object of interest under the water and wish to record the position. You would pick out two easily recognizable objects on shore such as trees or large rocks. The two objects should be in a line perpendicular to the line between you and one of the objects. Measure the angle between the two objects from where you are in the boat and record it.

Later, you would carefully measure the distance between the two objects using a tape measure or a map. Then you would take the cotangent of the angle measured from the boat and multiply it by that distance. Alternatively, you could simply take the directional readings of any two (or more) prominently visible, fixed position objects. The position on the water could then be charted using a map or satellite photo of the area.

Astronomers have long used this technique to measure the distance to stars, it is known as parallax. The carefully measured distance from Point A to Point B is referred to as the baseline, the distance across the earth's orbit around the sun six months apart. 

The same principle can be used with the Compass Ruler to map an entire area. Simply pick out visible objects such as trees, houses, etc. Measure the distances from a central point to the objects and then measure the angular distances between those objects from the central point. The map then can be easily made using a ruler and protractor. Of course, on complex maps, more than one central point can be used. If the terrain to be mapped is hilly, the logical place for the central points would obviously be on the high ground.

THE DRAWING VERSION

Aside from the contact measurement and surveying versions, there is yet version of the Compass Ruler, the drawing version. Simply fasten or glue a small compass to a straight-edge such as a ruler and it makes the protractor used in geometric drawings just as obsolete as the builder's square is in construction. To draw two lines at a certain angle to each other, simply draw one, noting the angle indicated on the compass dial. Then move the straight-edge so that the difference showing on the dial is now the desired angle and then draw the second line. To measure the angle between two existing lines, simply reverse this process.


If the drawing paper is securely taped down, aligned either east-west or north-south with the compass for best results, an entire geometric drawing can be made with unprecedented accuracy using the drawing version of the Compass Ruler. Parallel lines will have the same compass dial reading anywhere in the drawing. Perpendicular lines will differ 90 degrees in reading. Existing methods are far inferior to this. Of course, it would be simple to draw a map that was surveyed using the surveying version of the tool, just drawing the measurements on paper.

There are certainly many more everyday applications of this simple but extremely useful device. The device could also bring geometry and trigonometry classes to life. The lessons that now consist of drawing lines and circles on paper could occasionally be done as actual measurements in the gym or schoolyard.

Anyone can make their own of any version of the Compass Ruler, the circular or the simpler square version for contact measurements. Or the surveying or drawing versions with an attached or accompanying straight-edge. It can also be manufactured and sold although it will not be patentable now that I have put it in the public domain.

We read of George Washington Carver and how he revealed many things that the humble peanut can be used for. I would like to do the same thing for the simple device known as the magnetic compass. Just as GPS systems are becoming ubiquitous and the old magnetic compass seems to be of little use any more, we see that there is a whole world of tasks that it can accomplish most effectively. Any simple compass would have it's usefulness multiplied if it were encased with a straight side to perform some of the measurements listed above.

This link is to the posting about building.


LEADING TO THE COSMOLOGY THEORY

I developed the idea for a measurement tool, for building and construction, that could do things that no other measurement tool could. The concept for the tool, the use of the earth's magnetic field as a horizontal plumb in a hand-held tool, had not yet been patented. I made a prototype and every time I used it I noticed more that it could do that no other tool could easily do.

However, I did not want to start a company and the trouble with trying to get a company to develop it was that the tool was so simple that I couldn't describe how it worked without giving it away so that anyone could steal the idea. Finally I decided that it was taking up too much of my time and attention and set it aside.

But after I put the tool aside, all of the lines and angles involved with it were still in my mind. One day, I was wondering about what time actually was. It suddenly flashed into my mind that there must be a dimension of space that we cannot see, but that we perceive as time, and that matter consists of strings in four dimensions of space, rather than the particles in three dimensions of space that we perceive.

After that, one unexplained mystery in physics after another just fell into place. An abbreviated version of the cosmology theory that I developed as a result can be seen in the following link.



The Persian Mirror

Mirrors are used as decor in Iran, such as in Tehran's Niavaran Palace. Let's have a look at how Iran's modern history is like the reversed reflection in a mirror. To understand the Middle East today it would be very helpful to understand this mirror.

More has been added to this and the present protests in Iran, and the discussed return of the Pahlavi Dynasty, are an ideal example of a Persian Mirror. Let's have a look at how it is only one among many such mirrors of history.

The following image, From Google Street View, is of the mirror work in the Sadabad Complex. The bust is of Reza Shahs, the founder of the Pahlavi Dynasty and the father of the final Shah.

THE PAHLAVI MIRROR 

The Iranian Islamic Revolution overthrew the 2500-year old Pahlavi Dynasty in 1979. The former Shah died the following year and his family has lived in the U.S. and France.

But now we have a Persian Mirror. The original revolution is faltering and, at the time of this writing, there are massive protests against the Islamic Revolutionary Government. The protests look very similar to those in 1978 and 79 that overthrew the Pahlavi Dynasty. From his exile near Paris Ayatollah Khomeini, and his supporters, publicized their campaign against the Shah in the western media and stirred up protests in Iran by telephone and sermons recorded on cassette tapes. The campaign was ultimately successful. The Shah, and his family, went into exile and Khomeini returned to be Iran's Supreme Leader.

The son of the Shah, who would be shah if the dynasty was still in power, is now like a mirror-image reflection of Khomeini. He is stirring up protests in Iran, primarily over the economic situation, except that he is using social media instead of a landline telephone and cassette tapes.

THE FRENCH REVOLUTIONARY MIRROR

It was the French Revolution of 1789 that opened the modern political era. So many other revolutions across the world are reflections of it, as we saw in the compound posting "America And The Modern World Explained By Way Of Paris", December 2015. One of these reflections was the Iranian Revolution of 1979 but, as we might expect, it was a mirror image reflection.

The French Revolution, like the October Revolution that was also a reflection of it, was very hostile to both the monarchy and the national church. The goals of these revolutions was not only abolition of the monarchy but also secularism or atheism.

All three revolutions overthrew a monarchy by violent popular revolt. All three had the storming of a prominent building as their signature event. The French Revolution had the Storming of the Bastille. The October Revolution had the Storming of the Winter Palace. The Iranian Revolution had the Storming of the U.S. Embassy.

(Note-Donald Trump's Revolution also fit this pattern as it had the Storming of the Capitol).

The Iranian Revolution, in contrast, was about religion. While it overthrew the monarchy it was done in the name of religion. This was the mirror image reversal of the French and October (Russian) Revolutions. We saw in the posting "The Great Revolution Of Our Time", January 2017, how the Iranian Revolution has had an impact on the world of turning the tide away from secularism and back to religion. This has been true of religion in general, and not just Islam.

THE CROMWELL TO KHOMEINI MIRROR 

The religious revolution in Iran that took place in 1979 is very much a reflection of the revolution of Oliver Cromwell in England, except that it is a mirror image reversal.

Oliver Cromwell came along during the religious turmoil in England the century after the Reformation. The Anglican Church had been founded by Elizabeth I as a compromise between the Puritans and the remaining Catholics. But after the death of Elizabeth the country fell into civil war between the Puritans, supported by Parliament, and the Anglicans, supported by the monarchy.

The Puritans emerged victorious and Oliver Cromwell felt that it was his divine mission to abolish the monarchy. He had the Crown Jewels destroyed and King Charles I was executed. The king's son famously escaped by hiding in an oak tree. England was to be essentially a theocracy.

After Oliver Cromwell died, his son took over the movement but didn't inspire the same kind of devotion. The Puritans fell out of favor and the monarchy was restored. The king's son that had escaped was crowned as Charles II. Some of the Puritans decided to leave England altogether, and this is where America's Pilgrims and Puritans came from.

The Iranian Revolution was very similar, with Ayatollah Khomeini in the role of Oliver Cromwell, but it was a mirror image reversal. Like Oliver Cromwell Khomeini overthrew and abolished the monarchy, considering this as his divine objective.

But, unlike Cromwell's revolution, Khomeini's revolution did not fall out of favor after his death. The family of the king that had been overthrown, the Shah, did not regain control. Instead of the religious supporters leaving, like the Pilgrims and Puritans, it was many of the Shah's supporters, the monarchists, that left for countries like America.

THE ISRAEL MIRROR

As anyone who has read the Bible knows, it was the Persians who liberated the Jews from Babylonian captivity when they conquered Babylon. Persia, then a vassal of the Medes, had earlier been allied with Babylon against Assyria. But conflict later began between Babylon and Persia, after Babylon had destroyed the Temple and taken the Jews captive as described in the Bible.

While a drunken royal party was going on inside the walled city of Babylon the Persians managed to partially dam the Euphrates River, which flowed through the city, and get inside the walls on the riverbed. Babylon fell, the Jews were released from captivity and the Persians supported their return to Israel and the rebuilding of the Temple.

But a mirror image reversal has taken place in Iran, which is the modern name of Persia. That reversal was the Islamic Revolution of 1979. History was reenacted when Iranian revolutionaries got inside the walled U.S. Embassy compound, and took the staff hostage. This was a perfect reenactment of the conquest of Babylon in ancient times, except that now it was reversed. 

Israel was now an enemy and the embassy seizure was against America, which has the same role in supporting Israel today as Persia did in ancient times. But the son of the late Shah of Iran has visited Israel.

THE HOSTAGE MIRROR 

In ancient times Babylon had destroyed the Jews' Temple and taken them into captivity, although they were not slaves as they had earlier been in Egypt. It was Persia's conquest of Babylon that allowed the Jews to return to rebuild Jerusalem and the Temple. Persians conquered the city of Babylon by getting inside it's walls, by partially damming the Euphrates River which flowed through the city, while a drunken royal party was going on.

The rebuilt Temple is known as the "Second Temple". Some of the Jews in Babylon, possibly the majority, were doing well and chose to stay. They would play a role in Jewish history until modern times, in Iraq and Iran. But this renewed the religion in Israel as only the most religious people were likely to make the return.

So what we should expect in recent times is a mirror-image reflection of this, and indeed we do.

The Persians reenacted their great ancient victory of getting inside the walls of Babylon by getting inside the walls of the U.S. Embassy, during the revolution of 1979. Instead of Babylon taking the Jews captive, this time it was the Persians taking the captives. The staff of the embassy were held hostage in demand that the exiled Shah be returned to face trial.

The Persian conquest of Babylon released the captives in ancient times. This time it was a perfect mirror-image reflection as it was an invasion of Iran by neighboring Iraq that indirectly got the hostages released. Iraq is where the site of Babylon is located, and former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein had part of it reconstructed. Saddam saw Iran in revolutionary turmoil and apparently decided to take the opportunity to seize oil-rich, and Arab-majority, Khuzestan Province. He was also certainly worried about Iran's revolution spilling over into his own majority-Shiite population.

With Iran actually being invaded, by the country where Babylon was located, the U.S. hostages were no longer needed as a rallying point for the revolution. Those guarding the hostages were needed at the battlefront, and soon the hostages were released.

THE FORTY YEAR MIRROR

Does anybody remember the Strait of Hormuz from forty years ago? In the following image, from Google Earth, it is the narrow choke point with Iran to the north and the Arabian peninsula to the south.

Iran and Iraq were at war. Both were oil producing countries and both began attacking ships that were doing business with the other. Iran threatened to close the Strait of Hormuz and Ronald Reagan sent ships to make sure that the Persian Gulf stayed open to shipping.

I know that the name of the Persian Gulf has been changed but I went to school when Iran was an ally of the west, and before the name was changed.

Forty years later was a mirror image situation, with the narrow choke point on the other side of the Arabian peninsula. This time the Houthis, an ally of Iran in Yemen, are attacking ships doing business with Israel and, once again, the U.S. and allies sent ships to keep the waterway open. Yemen is on the right and Africa is on the left. Image from Google Earth.

THE HOUTHI MIRROR

The Houthis, effectively in control of Yemen, are allies of Iran. The area that is now known as Yemen was once part of a pre-Islamic Persian empire.

The Houthi Mirror is amazing and is a reversed reflection from the 1960s to today. In the 1960s the Yemeni Royal Dynasty was overthrown by military officers seeking to form a republic, imitating what had happened in Egypt. Outside powers got involved. The Saudis, ruled by a monarchy themselves, supported the royalists, which were also supported by the forerunners of what are now the Houthis. Egypt supported the republicans who had overthrown the monarchy, as that was a reflection of what happened in Egypt the decade before.

Israel was involved in that it had earlier fought a war against Egypt and another war was on the horizon. Israel supported the forerunners of the Houthis because their skilled mountain warriors were tying down a significant portion of the Egyptian military. When the Six Day War of 1967 came this was an important factor in bringing about an Israeli victory. The war began when Egypt decided to block the strait between the Sinai and Arabian Peninsulas to ships going to and from Israel.

Today we have a Persian Mirror reversal of the above situation in the 1960s.

Now it is the Houthis that have attacked ships with any connection to Israel, instead of their former enemy Egypt. The Saudis were against the Houthis, instead of allied with them as they had been in the 1960s, conducting a mirror image reflection of the unsuccessful Egyptian military attempt to defeat them in the 1960s. 

So it is actually the forerunners of the Houthis who helped to secure Israel's future by tying down a significant portion of the Egyptian military, so that it could not be deployed against Israel in the Six Day War of 1967. But now the Persian Mirror required a mirror image reversal.

THE INDIAN MIRROR

We saw in the posting "The Great Revolution Of Our Time", January 2017, how the effect of the Iranian Revolution was to turn the world back toward religion. This goes for all religions and not only Islam.

In India we see a Hindu reflection of the Iranian Revolution, but reversed so that it is against Islam rather than for it.

The Hindu party has been in power since 2014 in India which was long run by the secular Congress Party. Narendra Modi is much like a Hindu reverse reflection of Ayatollah Khomeini. Ironically, Khomeini's grandfather lived for a long time in India. Just as the signature event of Khomeini's revolution was the storming of the U.S. Embassy, the signature event of Modi coming to power was the storming of the mosque in Ayodhya that supposedly had replaced a sacred Hindu temple.