Thursday, July 17, 2025

Lagos

In the same month that I was born, a great country was also born. When I eventually began writing a blog, it turned out that the background color pattern that I chose for the blog was the same as the flag of that country.

The country, of course, is Nigeria. The country was in the news this week because of the death of it's former president. Image from the Wikipedia article "Flag of Nigeria".


When I was a young boy, the first that I heard of Africa was the civil war in Nigeria on the news. The southern part of Nigeria was trying to form a separate country called Biafra. At first, I thought that the name of the entire continent was Biafra.

Nigeria is a very diverse country. By religion the north of the country is primarily Moslem and the south is primarily Christian. The three largest ethnic groups are the Hausa, in the north, the Yoruba, in the west, and the Igbo, in the southeast. 

It was the Igbo that once wanted to form a separate nation, called Biafra. A few years ago, in what might have been the fiftieth anniversary of the civil war, I saw a t-shirt with the name of "Biafra".

Since Nigeria is such a diverse and relatively young country it is still necessarily in what I call the "Strong Leader Binding Phase". A strong leader is often required to hold the country together. Democracy will get easier as time goes on.

As with many countries in a similar situation Nigeria's political history has been a mix of civilian and military governments. In a way reminiscent of that of France, Nigeria's government has been a series of republics, which usually means a new constitution. Nigeria today is in the Fourth Republic. In 1979, in the Second Republic, Nigeria switched from a parliamentary to a presidential system of government.

While Nigeria is a relatively new country it encompasses what were empires and kingdoms of the past. The best-known is probably the Kingdom of Benin.

Nigeria today is rich in oil and there is a thriving movie industry, known as "Nollywood". Nigerians are known to be ambitious, hardworking, and to value learning. Did you know that Nigerians absolutely excel in the game of Scrabble?

Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa. The largest city in Nigeria, and in all of Africa, is Lagos. In fact, it is one of the very few largest cities in the world. Lagos is a port city on the Atlantic coast of Nigeria.

The following scenes begin at Tinbu Square, in central Lagos. The first four images are from Google Street View.





There are multiple scenes following. To see the scenes, after the first one, you must first click the up arrow, ^, before you can move on to the next scene by clicking the right or forward arrow, >. After clicking the up arrow, you can then hide the previews of successive scenes, if you wish.

https://www.google.com/maps/@6.454042,3.3894373,3a,75y,126.72h,90t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sbVVgJjGZRcG8HD3Snw7Kaw!2e0!6s%2F%2Fgeo0.ggpht.com%2Fcbk%3Fpanoid%3DbVVgJjGZRcG8HD3Snw7Kaw%26output%3Dthumbnail%26cb_client%3Dmaps_sv.tactile.gps%26thumb%3D2%26w%3D203%26h%3D100%26yaw%3D126.89186%26pitch%3D0%26thumbfov%3D100!7i13312!8i6656

Here is more of central Lagos, neat the port and the ocean. The first two images are from Google Street View.









This district is known as Apapa. The first three images are from Google Street View.








https://www.google.com/maps/@6.4974999,3.3391666,3a,75y,277.5h,90t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNfzSvMit8cNgznQhjam_EbvSs0l3saLxjIxBP0!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNfzSvMit8cNgznQhjam_EbvSs0l3saLxjIxBP0%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya277.5-ro-0-fo100!7i7200!8i3600

Lagos is the largest city, but is actually no longer the capital of Nigeria. The new capital is Abuja, which is inland and not on the coast. There were great empires in west Africa in the past. But the major cities were inland, and not on the coast. The population has now shifted to the cities on the coast, such as Lagos. But moving the capital back inland is symbolic of being more rooted in Africa's heritage. This is the central area of Abuja.

The following five images are from Google Street View. The first image is of the Nigerian Parliament building.





Used tires are filled with cement and used to hold signs.

Assassinations

This week was the first anniversary of the assassination attempt on Donald Trump.

Most political assassination attempts have little or nothing to do with politics. John Hinckley Jr shot Republican Ronald Reagan but had earlier stalked Democrat Jimmy Carter. I read an account that he also once targeted Democrat Edward Kennedy. Arthur Bremer shot Democrat George Wallace but had earlier followed Republican Richard Nixon. 

These conspiracy theories are part of the price that we have to pay for living in a free society. The only way to be free of "fake news", or bizarre conspiracy theories, is to give someone the power to decide for us what is and isn't worthy of attention. But then that person would have the power of a dictator and we would no longer be free. 

It is interesting that the Book of Revelation, Chapter 13, explains that there will be an assassination attempt on the Antichrist. It seems that he will suffer a deadly wound but will apparently come back to life.

ALL IMAGES ARE FROM GOOGLE EARTH OR STREET VIEW 

The red dot shows the position of the shooter on the rooftop, in Butler PA, when the shots were fired. The white dot shows the position of Donald Trump when hit by the bullet. 

This is the site of the John F. Kennedy Assassination, in Dallas in 1963. The vantage point is where Kennedy was struck looking back at the building, to the left, from where the shots were fired. 

Within three years of the Kennedy Assassination the modern era of mass shootings began, also by a sniper in a high position, from the tower of the University of Texas. 

What I have never seen pointed out about the Kennedy Assassination is that not far away lived an eight-year-old boy named John Hinckley Jr. Kennedy's assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald, was himself assassinated two days later, as he was being moved through the garage of the police station. The gunman, Jack Ruby, waited for Oswald while pretending to be a reporter. Eighteen years later Hinckley would adopt Jack Ruby's tactic while waiting to shoot Ronald Reagan. This is the site of the attempted assassination of Reagan, outside the Hilton in Washington. 

Does anyone remember Marcus Sarjeant? If you don't that's a good thing because the gun that he fired at Queen Elizabeth when she was riding a horse along the Mall, in 1981, wasn't a real gun. It was a racing starter pistol. Here is the site of it. 

Not far from here is the site of the assassination of William McKinley, in 1901. He was visiting what was then the Pan Am Exhibition, in Buffalo.

THE LINCOLN-KENNEDY PARALLELS 

The two most discussed assassinations of American presidents are of Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy and there are some amazing parallels between the two. 

Lincoln was elected to Congress in 1846 and to the presidency in 1860. Kennedy was elected to Congress in 1946 and to the presidency in 1960.

Both were succeeded by their vice-presidents named Johnson, born in 1808 and 1908. 

Both assassins, John Wilkes Booth and Lee Harvey Oswald, have 15 letters in their names. Both carried out the assassinations at their jobs, Booth at a theater and Oswald at a school textbook building. Both escaped before being caught and killed. John Wilkes Booth was a Confederate sympathizer while Lee Harvey Oswald was named for Robert E. Lee.

Lincoln was assassinated at the Ford Theater. Kennedy was assassinated in a Lincoln car, made by Ford, and had a secretary named Lincoln. 

Both were shot in the back of the head, with their wives by their side, on a Friday.

Lincoln's assassin ran out of the theater where the assassination had taken place. Kennedy's assassin ran into a theater, where he was captured. 

THE ASSASSINATION ATTEMPTS OF SEPTEMBER 1975

Does anyone remember that there were two assassination attempts on U.S. President Gerald Ford, within three weeks of each other? Both were by women. 

Gerald Ford was never elected as president. Spiro Agnew was Richard Nixon's Vice President, but resigned because of tax evasion, and Nixon chose Ford to take his place. Nixon then resigned because of the Watergate Scandal and Ford found himself as president. Before this, Gerald Ford had been best-known for being on the commission that investigated the assassination of John F Kennedy.

The first assassination attempt was by a member of the Manson Family but who had not been involved in their notorious murders. Lynette Fromme had been one of the early followers of Charles Manson. 1969 was a time of great racial tension and the group believed that the Apocalypse foretold in the Bible would begin with a race war in America. On two successive nights members of the Manson Family committed two sets of horrific murders. The best-known victim the first night was actress Sharon Tate, and a party was going on at the house. A grocer and his wife were murdered on the second night. 

A musician had been invited to the party but didn't go, possibly due to too much partying the night before. He was from Buffalo and his name was Rick James.

They set it up to appear that black militants had done the killings, which would hopefully set off the race war and the Apocalypse. After that, according to the group's plan, Charles Manson would reign over the world as Christ. 

Lynette Fromme had not been involved in the murders but remained a devout follower of Manson afterward. She pointed a gun at Gerald Ford but there was no bullet ready to fire. Everything about the assassination attempt was red. Lynette Fromme was wearing red, her hair was red, and it was purportedly about saving California's redwood trees.

Within three weeks, Sara Jane Moore tried to assassinate Gerald Ford with a gun. Her purported motive was to start a revolution in America.

Both women would escape from prison but would be recaptured. 

In the posting "The Adventures Of Lost People", we saw how people are designed to believe in something and when they don't believe in God they will just replace Him with something else. In our secular age, replacements for God are often nationalism or political-economic ideologies. 

How many people have you known whose country or political-economic ideology is their "religion"? The would-have-been assassin of Donald Trump, in July 2024, is an ideal example. His "religion", that he was willing to sacrifice his freedom or his life for, was his political ideology.

THE ONE-SHOT HERO

To understand these assassination attempts we have to understand the concept of the "One-Shot" Hero. That is the best term that I can think of for it but the "shot" doesn't necessarily mean a gunshot.

A One-Shot Hero is someone who was previously obscure but becomes a well-known hero by some single action. This does not apply to a hero in a disaster or emergency, it must be an action that the hero initiated. 

The modern era of the One-Shot Hero began with Charles Lindbergh. In 1927 he was the first to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. He wasn't the first to fly across the ocean, two British pilots had flown from Canada to Ireland years before. But it made him a national hero and a public figure for the rest of his life. 

There is an avenue nearby named for Charles Lindbergh.

Niagara Falls has always been an avenue for One-Shot Heroes. People who have successfully gone over Niagara Falls in barrels are usually portrayed as heroes. But the list of people show that they have never been heard of before, or usually since. Well-known or successful people don't try to go over Niagara Falls in a barrel. They tend to be people who have never succeeded at much, or are down on their luck. If only they can pull off going over the falls they will be a One-Shot Hero. This doesn't apply to tightrope walking, which takes a lot of skill. 

Defectors during the Cold War were often looking to be One-Shot Heroes, expecting to be welcomed and get a lot of media coverage in their new country. A U.S. Army sergeant named Robert Lee Johnson slipped into East Germany, wanting to defect. The Communist officers who interviewed him soon evaluated him as an amoral loser with a grandiose sense of his own importance, hardly the kind of person who would be useful to their cause. They persuaded him to stay in the U.S. Army and procure secret documents for them.

Perhaps the classic would-be One-Shot Hero is Lee Harvey Oswald. His first attempt was to defect to the Soviet Union. He expected to be welcomed as a hero, imagining that his having been a radar operator with the U.S. Marines had given him technical knowledge that would be very valuable to the Soviets. Assigned to live in Minsk, Oswald clearly expected to be feted as a hero by the local people, and ultimately re-defected to the U.S. 

His second attempt to be a One-Shot Hero did literally involve shooting a gun. It was the 1963 assassination of John F. Kennedy. This time his goal was another Communist country, Cuba. It was following the Cuban Missile Crisis and Oswald was convinced that killing Kennedy would make him a national hero there.

This brings us to the modern era of the assassination of a public figure as the route to being a One-Shot Hero. Almost always, an assassination attempt on a political leader or candidate has nothing to do with their politics. Sometimes it is to draw attention to an issue, whether saving redwood trees or starting a revolution, as with the two attempts on Gerald Ford. But it is more often simply a nobody wanting to take the One-Shot Hero route to being a somebody. A number of assassins, or would-be assassins have said something like "I just wanted to be somebody". 

Wisdom And Life

Why don't we review about wisdom and life? More has been added to it.

POSITIVITY

Try to say what you can to be realistically positive. What you say and expect of people often has a way of being self-fulfilling. 

If someone is going through difficult times, always say whatever you can that is positive or constructive. What is the point in telling someone what a terrible situation they are in? They know that already. The person is looking to you for something uplifting.

If you visit someone in hospital always tell them how good they look. It has a way of becoming self-fulfilling.

One rule of getting along with each other is that you should never dislike anyone for anything that is cultural. You do not have to agree with it or go along with it, but you shouldn't dislike them personally because of it.

Learn how to read people. The world looks like a different place when you can read people. When people go to a great effort to cut you down it is actually a compliment. It is a negative compliment, but a compliment nonetheless. If you didn't really have something then they wouldn't be putting so much effort into cutting you down. It is a sign of their weakness.

Remember that when we like or dislike someone it depends not only on what they are but also on what we are.

One of the most destructive words is "talent". People who seem to be "talented" at something are really not "talented". It is not about talent, it is about improvement. A person without the same sense of improvement will say, "Oh, that person is so talented". Never mind how "talented" you are, just start from wherever you are and keep improving on it.

THE PEAK PATTERN

Remember that living things operate by the peak pattern. That means there is an optimum amount, that is better than too much or too little.

It is good to have respect. But having too much respect for the way that things have always been done can blind us to the fact that there might be better ways of doing things. Having too much respect for people can blind us to the fact that they are flawed human beings and that we might be putting too much trust in them. The people who run society are made of the same kind of flesh and blood as you are. They make mistakes and sometimes are vulnerable to corruption.

It is good to have people like us. But someone who everybody likes may not be doing that much to make the world a better place. Having everyone like us probably means that we are reinforcing the existing order of things. Really making the world a better place usually means replacing an old order with a superior new order. But that means the disenfranchisement of the old order, and thus ending up with a few people who don't like it.

It is good to be obedient, to fit in to society and do what it expects of us. But it can very easily be taken too far. Societies of obedient people have a way of becoming dictatorships. Dictators really like people who just fit in, follow the system, never question anything, and just do what they are told.

WISDOM

A wise person is one that will thank you when you prove them wrong.

A wise person realizes that, if everyone had anything material that they asked for, the world still would not really be a better place.

WHAT COMES NEXT

If someone has all of the success and wealth in the world, they will still be just as dead as everyone else when they die. None of their wealth or worldly success will go with them, and when they stand in front of God it will all mean absolutely nothing.


EXAMPLES OF WISDOM

Here are a few of my favorite examples of wisdom.

THE PERSECUTION OF RELIGION

Few things make less sense than to persecute people for what they believe. When we really think about it, the persecution only concentrates the religious community by driving away those who are not fully committed and making it appear that the persecution is not because the beliefs are not true, but because the persecutors are afraid that they are true.

If the beliefs of those being persecuted are not true or valid, then what are their persecutors so worried about? The fact that they are going to so much trouble is actually a compliment to the beliefs.

If someone went around preaching that there really was a Santa Claus, some might laugh at them and some might feel sympathy for them. But it is highly doubtful if anyone would go to the trouble to organize a persecution against them. The reason is that their beliefs would not make anyone feel threatened.

The fact that the persecutors go to so much trouble to counteract the beliefs is actually a great compliment. It means that they fear the beliefs, or are weak enough that they need to have something to persecute to hold themselves together. Just as trying to cut someone down can actually be a great compliment.

THE MANAGER'S STRATEGY

I recall the story of a manager who had a remarkable record of taking ailing companies and turning them around.

The manager would usually be unfamiliar with the area and the workers, and it was usually necessary to cut the staff in order to return the company to profitability. It was a difficult undertaking but the manager developed a strategy that worked every time.

The manager would personally talk to everyone who worked there, closely listening to their suggestions. Workers were made to feel free to criticize the company or the way things were done.

When new management takes over a company, workers will often talk each other down. This is what the new manager watched for closely. If a worker talked others down, unless there turned out to be a good reason for it which there usually didn't, those are the workers that you let go when it is necessary to cut the staff.

Follow that strategy and you will always end up with a better company.

THE DEFENDANT'S CIGARETTES

Learn how to read people, particularly to notice signs of weakness in their position.

I read about a trial in which the prosecutor, upon finding that all of the jurors were nonsmokers, informed them that the defendant was a two packs a day smoker, even though this had absolutely nothing to do with the case.

The prosecutor was just trying to start the trial off by getting the jurors to dislike the defendant.

There was another trial in which the prosecutor told the jurors that the defendant was in the habit of going for a walk in the middle of the night, although that also had nothing to do with the case.

If I had been on either of these juries I would have taken this as a sign of weakness. If the prosecutor really had a strong case against the defendant, it wouldn't be necessary to resort to tactics like this.

THE MAN FROM NEW YORK CITY

I recall reading a story that went something like this. There was a man from New York City. As New Yorkers sometimes do, he reminded other people that New York was the greatest city in the world.

The man invited some guests over for dinner, telling them he had a slide show of news clippings that would prove New York was the greatest city in the world. The guests expected that the news clippings would be of New York boasting about itself, but anyway it would mean a free dinner.

Much to their surprise none of the news clippings was from New York City, and none had much of anything good to say about it.

A news article from Boston was about how superior the Red Sox were to the New York Yankees and how much better of a football player Tom Brady was compared to New York's Joe Namath.

From Washington D.C. was an article about how much better it's night life was than New York's.

An article from Philadelphia explained why that city was more important to American history than New York.

A clipping from Dallas described how it was a better representation of what America is all about today than New York.

There was one from New Orleans detailing how much more "charm" it had than New York.

A news report from Phoenix was about how much better it's dry climate was for medical ailments than New York's.

Warm cities like Los Angeles and Miami explained how they had everything that New York had to offer, but with palm trees and sun.

From San Francisco came an article about how "laid back" that city was compared to New York and how much more important to the world nearby Silicon Valley was than anything in New York.

The litany of articles continued from overseas cities. How much cleaner and more efficient their subways were, and how much better their WiFi connections were than New York's.

When the presentation had ended the dinner guests were really confused. Their host told them he was going to prove that New York was the greatest city in the world. But the slideshow made it look like the worst city, rather than the greatest.

Then the man from New York City spoke to his guests:

"Now stop and think. When a city tries to promote itself, in all of these articles, it compares itself to New York. This makes New York the standard for cities. Even though these other cities are not about to admit it, they show by their actions that New York is the greatest city in the world".


THE MOTTO OF MY STATE

This is being written from New York State and I would like to tell readers about the motto of my state. The state's motto is "Excelsior", which means "Ever Upward". I find this to be an ideal motto to live by.

The state has certainly lived up to it's motto in terms of building. Skyscrapers were pioneered here and the Empire State Building was the tallest building in the world for about forty years.

Excelsior means always learning and improving. I don't watch television so that I can spend more time reading and learning.

Excelsior means striving to be the best that you can be with regard to health and fitness. This is the way to be a patriot as it will likely make you less of a burden on your country's health care system. Those who think we should stop exercising when we get older should remember that the motto isn't "Upward For A While" but "Ever Upward", meaning all of our lives.

Excelsior means that the city where I live, since it has a world-famous name, should be a truly great city by now. Let's live up to being New Yorkers.

Excelsior means that we should build up other people. Encourage someone when you get the chance. When someone looks to you for advice or encouragement always say something that is realistically positive. The positive things that you say to people have a way of becoming self-fulfilling.

Excelsior means going to Heaven. Nothing is more upward than going to Heaven. This brief life will be over before we know it. No matter what you have in life if you go to Heaven your life is a success and if you don't go to Heaven then your life is a failure. Whatever this world has to offer is tinsel by comparison to Heaven. If your life hasn't been a great success it's not as important as you may think. When everyone stands in front of God who we were in this world, and what we have achieved and accumulated, will mean absolutely nothing.

Things That Should Have A Name

This is being reposted because more has been added to it. How about coining a few new names today?

THE TRANSPORTATION PYRAMID 

During the manufacturer to consumer process, the primary modes of transportation that are used get progressively smaller. Raw materials might be brought in by ship, such as metal ores for example. The finished product at this stage, such as bulk metal, goes out by train to the manufacturer of the final finished product, appliances for example. From there it goes to stores by truck, and from the store goes to the homes of consumers by cars.

ANTIWORDS 

Antiwords are words that started out as ordinary words but have been given a negative connotation. This does not include descriptive words just ordinary words that have been given a negative or sinister connotation, mostly by association with crime.

"Loitering" means simply waiting, but it has been associated with crime by use on police reports.

"Vicinity" means an area. But this also has been associated with crime. "He was seen loitering in the vicinity around the time that the crime took place".

"Motive" simply means the reason for doing something. It has also become associated with crime. "What was your motive in going there"? makes it sound as if a crime has been committed.

"Tampering" simply means to adjust something. But it has been given an immediate sinister connotation.

"Plotting" means simply to plan something. But "They were plotting what they were going to do on Saturday night"? makes it sound as if a crime was being planned.

"Collaborate" is maybe not as much of an antiword as some of the others. It means simply to cooperate. But it does have a sinister tone, like cooperating in something evil.

A "regime" is simply a government. But we never seem to use the word for friendly governments.

SILHOUETTE SHOOTINGS

Recently in the news have been people being shot because they went to the wrong house, or the wrong car in a parking lot, by mistake.

In the 1960s was a song called "Silhouettes". The song was a hit for several different bands. A girl lives in a subdivision where all the houses are identical. Her boyfriend comes over one evening and sees the silhouette of her kissing another guy through the curtains. He is first dismayed, and then enraged. He pounds on the door only to find that wasn't his girlfriend and he was on the wrong block.

If the song took place today the singer might have gotten shot for knocking on the wrong door. Let's call these shooting "Silhouette Shootings". They really should have their own name.

JUMP CONNECTIONS

Suppose that you are reading the news on your phone. You touch the link to an article that you want to read. But the site is still loading and jumping around as new parts load. You end up pressing the link to another article instead. Let's call this a "Jump Connection".

DELETE CONNECTIONS

How many times have you seen the link to an ad, with an "X" to delete the link? But when you press the X, the ad loads instead of deleting? I am sure that they plan it this way. Let's call these "Delete Connections".

TIRE PUDDLES

When a parking lot is paved with asphalt sometimes cars will park there before the asphalt is completely dry. The weight of the car depresses the asphalt a little bit where the tires are. When it rains this causes small puddles to form. Let's call these "Tire Puddles".

THE "EMPTY BOX" TECHNIQUE

When my late brother was a young boy he somehow was given a toy in a box. My parents decided that the toy was too dangerous for a young child and took the toy away.

My brother was outraged and demanded the return of the toy. My parents waited until his bedtime and then put the empty box on a shelf beyond his reach. My brother was pacified, thinking that he had the toy back, but all he had was the empty box.

The Anglican Church, began by Elizabeth I after the Reformation, is today the largest single Protestant church. It is actually a family of churches, in America it is called the Episcopal Church. It was designed as a compromise between the Puritans and the remaining Catholics.

Most of England's Catholics joined the Anglican Church, even those who didn't want the Reformation. The Anglican Church was definitely Protestant, it had cut ties with the pope, but had retained so much of the appearance of Catholicism. Anglican leaders were even called "priests", instead of "ministers". It was enough for most Catholics, who didn't notice much difference from before.

England's Catholics had gotten the "empty box" of Catholicism.

Beware of a conservative government that has highly-visible ethnic or racial minorities. What is probable is that they are "empty boxes" intended to pacify those minorities because they most certainly will not benefit from the government's policies. The recent government of Liz Truss was all women and ethnic minorities, but it introduced policies that would overwhelmingly benefit wealthy mostly white males.

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON SYNDROME

Sometimes the issue arises of a region voting for independence from the parent country. Examples in recent years have been Quebec, Scotland and, Catalonia. The independence movement has always had a leader who tells the people how much better off they will be by being independent.

But the leaders of the independence movement have a very strong personal bias due to their own political careers. Are they really pushing for independence because it will be better for their people, or because it will be better for themselves?

Have you ever heard of George Washington? If you have it's because America gained independence from Britain. Have you ever heard of Jacques Parizeau? If you haven't it's because Quebec never gained independence from Canada.

The leaders of an independence movement have a vested interest in separating from the parent country because of how they will go down in history. Whether or not it is better for the people the leader of the movement will have a place in history as the mother or father of a new country.

"TECHNICALLY FORWARD BUT SYSTEM BACKWARD"

What I mean by this is that we set up a basic system of standards for a new field of technology, such as road traffic or computers. For decades we make progress in the new field, but we are still using the same now-inefficient and outmoded basic system.

The first example that comes to mind is traffic lights. There is so much discussion nowadays of "smart technology" but traffic lights are about as dumb as technology can get. How many times have you seen an intersection with a dozen cars stopped for a red light on one street while there are no cars on the perpendicular street, but that street has the green light? If there was a dunce cap for technology surely traffic lights would get it.

So much progress has been made in making cars more fuel-efficient, and reducing emissions, only to have the cars spending far too much time idling needlessly at a red light.

Another example of being " Technically forward but system- backward" is the primitive ASCII system used in computer encoding, that dates from the 1960s. Each bit in a computer data storage has two possibilities, being either a 1 or a 0. Eight bits is defined as a "byte", which has 256 possible combinations. Each byte is used to store a character, such as upper or lowercase letters, numbers, punctuation marks, and various unprinted control codes.

But this is now inefficient in the extreme. This ASCII system is one of my favorite targets in the compound posting, "Computer Science".

With modern spellchecker technology why do we need capital letters? Just use lowercase and then let a spellchecker fill in the caps at the other end. 

However many total characters we are going to use why not consider it as a number system with a base equal to the total number of characters, instead of ten or binary? Then consider the whole text as one big number, and then translate it into binary before sending it, and then translate it back into the original "number" at the other end? That would be a far more efficient use of space, not requiring any new technology just a change in the basic system.

COMPLEMENTARY NAMES

What I mean by this is first names of people that are different names but are similar enough so that parents wouldn't give the names to siblings. I definitely think that it deserves a name.

"Judy", "Julie" and, "Julia" are three completely different names. But it's very unlikely that you will ever see three sisters with these three names, because they are so similar. Complementary Names have to be completely different names and do not include different forms of the same name, such as "William" and "Bill", or foreign versions of a name, or different spellings of a name, or nicknames.

Here are some more examples of Complementary Names.

John and Jonathan

Sherrie and Cheryl

Marie, Mary and, Maria

Susan and Suzanne

Ann and Anna

Paula, Paulette and, Pauline

CAMERA FIRES

When there is a serious protest or demonstration, anywhere in the world, what is the first thing that the protesters do?

The answer is that they light a fire.

First, the fire conveys the seriousness of the protest. "Just look at all this fire. This is not just a bunch of senior citizens protesting a cutback in library hours, this is a real protest".

But even more importantly, the fire gives the news cameras something to focus on. If a protest is held during the day more people are likely to show up, but if at night it is more difficult to identify protesters and the fire has a greater visual effect. If not buildings then a vehicle is the usual target, particularly a police vehicle.

This should really have a name. Since the fires are lit for the news cameras, let's call them "camera fires".

NATURE GUILT

In North America there are countless roads, streets and, avenues named for trees. 

Humans have always been attached to the trees around them. I think there is always some feeling of guilt when trees are cut down. But trees have to be cut down so that cities can be built.

So what we do is name streets after trees. Most of the trees are gone but we can drive down streets named for them.

So many other names that are endlessly seen in streets come from the natural surroundings that were plowed under to make way for the street.

A "summit" is the top of a hill, a "crest" is the top of a ridge.

A "grove" is a grouping of trees, a "glade" is a natural clearing in a wooded area.

A " glen" is a narrow valley, a "dale" is a wide valley.

Let's call this "nature guilt".

THE NAME CRUNCH

We can find and reconnect with people anywhere in the world through social media. This is a wonderful development that people in the past could only imagine.

But there is a very serious roadblock that has nothing to do with technology. The world's population has increased but, for the most part we are using the same names for people as centuries ago. The result is that there might be many thousands of people with the same first and last name.

What good is it to be able to look up someone you used to know, only to find that there are countless people with the same name?

The fact that not only has the world's population greatly increased but we can access people across the world by social media, yet it is hindered by the fact that we are still using the same names for people, meaning that countless people might have the same name, could be called the "Name Crunch".

THE LINE OF RESPECT

This is something that I have long noticed but have never seen any reference to. It is really about time that it had a name.

In ordinary global news reporting all countries are not created equal. At first it seems as if they are but they aren't. 

Has anyone ever wondered why, when a war or disaster takes place, it is all right for the news to show dead bodies in some countries but not in others?

I do not mean wakes, or if there is a special reason for showing the body. I mean just routine news reporting when there are dead bodies to be seen. In some countries the bodies will be shown but in other countries they won't.

I recall seeing murder victims photographed lying dead in a pool of blood in the street, but such a scene would never be shown if it took place in a western country. I have never seen so many photos of dead bodies as in coverage of the Iran-Iraq War of the 1980s, but no dead bodies were to be seen in coverage of 9 / 11.

My father had a series of books about the Second World War. The books were very matter-of-fact in tone, from a strictly military perspective. This general on this side led this battle and that general on that side led that battle. This side developed this weapon and that side developed that weapon. Both sides were portrayed as equally human and received roughly equal coverage. There was very little in the books about which side was right and which was wrong.

But the true perspective of the books emerged in the showing of dead bodies. The bodies of Axis soldiers were shown, and often close up. The bodies of Soviet soldiers were occasionally shown, but only at a distance and never close up. Bodies of soldiers of the western Allies were, however, absolutely never shown.

The only time that I can recall seeing dead bodies shown in news events in the U.S was bodies of prisoners visible in the aftermath of the 1971 uprising at Attica State Prison, in New York State. Again this does not apply to wakes or if there is a specific reason for showing the body.

There does not seem to be any kind of established rules of when it is or isn't acceptable for the news to show dead bodies. But there is most definitely an unspoken agreement, and it really should be given a name.

Let's call it the "Line of Respect". If a nation or group of people is above the Line of Respect then it is not all right to show their dead bodies in ordinary news reporting. But if they fall below the line then it is.

GRANULARITY

I have already written about what I call "granularity" here. Granularity is when we tend to mistake the finite for the infinite or the infinitesimal.

One example is gloves in a drawer. Suppose that there are ten gloves in a drawer, five left and five right, and are well-mixed. You reach into the drawer and, without looking, pull out two gloves. What are the odds that you have a matching left-right pair?

Since there was an equal number of each your first reaction might be to say 50%, or 1/2. But only if there were an infinite number of gloves would the odds be 1/2. Because there are a finite number of gloves the odds must be greater than 1/2.

When you take the first glove it leaves 9 gloves, 5 that would be a match and 4 that wouldn't. Therefore the odds of pulling out a matching pair are 5/9. The gloves are finite "grains", rather than a smooth medium, that is why I call it "granularity".

Another example of granularity is a spacecraft at some distance from a planet. It may seem logical that the center of mass and the center of gravity of the planet would be one and the same. But only if the spacecraft was an infinite distance from the planet would the two be one and the same.

If the spacecraft is at a finite distance from the planet the two must be different, with the center of gravity being closer to the spacecraft than the center of mass. This is because gravity works by the Inverse Square Law and so the nearer half of the mass has a greater gravitational effect on the spacecraft than the further half.

Yet another example of granularity is repeatedly playing a game of odds. If the odds of winning are 1/20 and you have played 19 times without a win then you are "due for a win" on your next try.

Casinos will really like you if you think like this but it is wrong. With each game the odds start over again at 1/20, presuming that no elimination is involved in the game. Only if you play the game an infinite number of times will 1/20 of the games always be wins. 

THE CHEMISTRY CONUNDRUM 

There is something about basic chemistry that is confusing and doesn't make sense. It concerns valence, or the exchange of electrons between atoms to form molecules.

There are two electric charges, negative and positive. But negative and positive are represented by the symbols "-" and "+". The confusion begins because these two symbols also have another meaning.

Minus, "-", means to subtract or take away. This is the same symbol that is used for negative electric charge.

Plus, "+", means to add or join to. This is the same symbol that is used for positive electric charge.

This conundrum concerns ionic bonds. Suppose that two atoms are close together and one takes an outer electron from the other. Because electrons have a negative charge, the atom that loses the electron will then have a net positive charge. The atom that gains the electron will then have a net negative charge.

Do you see how confusing this is?

An atom loses an electron which has a negative charge, as in "-", yet it now has a positive charge, as in "+", as if it has gained something because "+" also means addition.

The other atom gains the electron. To gain means to add something. Addition is symbolized by the plus sign, "+", but the atom now has a negative charge, which is symbolized by the opposite sign, "-".

The negative and positive designations given to the two opposite electric charges are entirely arbitrary. We could just as easily called negative positive and vice versa. If we said that the electron has a positive charge, while the nucleus has a negative charge, which is now what we define as antimatter, it would make more sense.

An atom that GAINED an electron would then have a POSITIVE electric charge, as in "+".

An atom that LOST an electron would then have a NEGATIVE electric charge, as in "-".

Wouldn't that make more sense and be less confusing?

THE BRIGHTER SIDE OF THE MOON

We know of misnomers like "tidal waves", which are caused by undersea earthquakes and have nothing to do with tides, and "microwaves" which are near the short wavelength end of the radio spectrum but actually toward the longer end of the electromagnetic spectrum overall.

The same side of the moon always faces toward us. We have never seen the far side of the moon except for photographs taken from spacecraft. That far side is often referred to as "The Dark Side of the Moon". It is actually "The Brighter Side of the Moon".

First, the far side of the moon receives just as much sunlight as the side that faces us. The moon that we see goes through a cycle of phases, from new moon to full moon. The unseen far side has the opposite illumination. When we see a full moon, it is "new moon" on the far side and, at that point, it is indeed "The Dark Side of the Moon". But when we see a new moon, meaning that the moon is not visible at all, then the sun is shining fully on the far side so that each side overall faces the sun equally.

Second, the reason that I say the unseen far side is really "The Brighter Side of the Moon" is that it receives sunlight that is more intense than the side of the moon that we see. Both sides of the moon face toward the sun in equal measures. But the far side of the moon faces the sun when it is between the earth and the sun, which is why solar eclipses occur only at new moon, this means that the far side is closer to the sun than the earth when it fully faces the sun.

In contrast, the side of the moon that we see only fully faces the sun when it is on the opposite side of the earth's orbit, when it is further from the sun than the earth is. That is why a lunar eclipse only occurs at full moon. But because it is further away from the sun than the earth when fully lit, and the far side of the moon is closer to the sun than the earth when fully lit, that means that the total sunlight that falls on the far side is more intense than the total sunlight that falls on the side of the moon that we see.

That means that "The Dark Side of the Moon", the far side that we cannot see, is really "The Brighter Side of the Moon".

THE ASSOCIATION SYNDROME

What I refer to as the "Association Syndrome" is how people get associated with each other in a way that is not representative at all of their life or is not what they would have wanted.

The first name that comes to mind is that of the late actress Sharon Tate. She was a well-known actress until she became the best-known murder victim of the Manson Family, in August 1969. This could be called the "Sharon Tate Syndrome".

Is it right for Sharon Tate to be virtually entirely defined by the tragic last few minutes of her life? This psychotic mass murder was in no way her fault. She apparently never met or heard of Charles Manson, who wasn't at the murder scene himself, and had no idea whatsoever of the insane theology for which she was being murdered.

Manson believed that the Beatles' White Album was specifically communicating with him. The Apocalypse foretold in the Bible would be a race war in the United States. It was a time of high racial tension and Manson's family would brutally murder wealthy white people around Los Angeles, making it appear as if black militants had done it.

The resulting apocalyptic race war would result in Manson ruling over the world as Christ. He actually changed his middle name to "Willis". Jesus is referred to as the "Son of Man" and now his name was Charles Willis Manson, "Charles' Will Is Man's Son".

Sharon Tate had no idea of the lunacy that would not only take her life, but also her identity. She will be forever associated with it because she was it's most famous victim. All else that Sharon Tate ever did, until the last few minutes of her life, is now only about one percent of what comes to mind upon seeing her name. She is forever associated with the maniac that she never met or heard of but who had her brutally killed.

That's why it should be called the Association Syndrome.

Cultural Perspective

With immigration so much in the news, why don't we review this? More has been added to it.

Every culture has elements and idiosyncrasies that seem strange to outsiders. We tend to notice these idiosyncrasies in other cultures but not in our own. Just for a sense of perspective let's look at some aspects of the English-speaking cultures that others might find strange.

Start with the keyboard. We learn the alphabet as ABC... but then the QWERTY order on the keyboard is completely different. Why don't we just make one or the other as the alphabetical order? This doesn't seem to make much sense. There is a reason for the QWERTY order and that is so secretaries of the past could have the most used letters of the alphabet easiest to reach. But nowadays almost everyone does their own typing. Speed typing is not a factor any more because it is of no use for a writer to be able to type faster than they can think.

Then we come to the 99 pricing in stores. An item does not cost $15. It's ONLY $14.99. This is an effort to get shoppers to think that they are not really paying $15. In some stores every price has "ONLY" in front of it. This honestly borders on comical.

What about name-shortening? Michael is shortened to "Mike", Deborah to "Debbie", and so on. But how much sense does this make to people from other cultures? If we are going to call someone "Mike" then why not just make that his name? 

Then what about nicknames? If a person is to be called by a name then why not just change their name to it? Why does a person need a formal name, a shortened name, and then maybe a nickname?

Our culture really has a thing about the heart being the center of emotion and feeling. The truth is that the heart is a muscle that pumps blood and has nothing whatsoever to do with emotions. Your heart is a lot like the water pump in your car. Saying something like "I am listening to my heart" is like saying "I am listening to the water pump in my car".

We have distorted the shape of the heart. If you close your fist that is about the size and shape of your heart. It looks nothing like a Valentine ❤️. The heart is not red. Blood inside the body is actually blue and appears red only when exposed to outside oxygen.

Our culture has a lot of misnomers. America's two major political parties are the Democrats and Republicans. But if we look up "democrat" and "republican" in a dictionary both words mean the same thing, a believer in representative democracy. America's Civil War was between the Union and the Confederacy, but both of those words also mean the same thing.

Finally we come to our language and it's utter illogic. You have probably noticed that you drive on a parkway but park on a driveway. That is only the beginning of the illogic. Just as one example consider the sets of words that look like they should be related but actually have nothing to do with each other. 

Some of the words in these sets are related, an example being "select" and "elect", but so many other words that look like they should be related actually have nothing to do with each other.

Found and Founder and Foundry 

Principle and Principal

Emerge and Emergency

Gain and Again and Against

Pose and Oppose and Opposite and Suppose 

Secret and Secretary

Sham and Shame 

Shin and Shine

Pin and Pine and Spine 

Electric and Eclectic

Good and Goods 

Success and Successive

The most baffling of all is Meteor and Meteorology. It sounds like meteorology is the observation of meteors, but the two have nothing to do with each other.

A second is a unit of time but it also means next after first. This must be very confusing to people learning to speak English.

To decompress means to take away compression. Using the same logic, "delight" should mean to turn off the lights. But it has nothing to do with lights, it means to make someone happy.

The Kennedy Smokestack Of Niagara

The smokestack that is just north of the intersection of Niagara Falls Blvd and 59th St. was part of Great Lakes Carbon, which used to occupy the site. Image from Google Street View.

The connection between this smokestack and the Kennedy Family doesn't get a lot of publicity. The company was founded by George Skakel. He would have a daughter named Ethel who would marry into the Kennedy Family, marrying Robert Kennedy. He would be assassinated while campaigning for the U.S. presidency in 1968. They had a son named Robert Kennedy Jr., who is now the Secretary of Health and Human Services.

Thursday, July 10, 2025

Pyongyang

With North Korea in the news so much, why not visit it's capital city? Pyongyang is located on the Taedong River. Most of the buildings look modern, but it is actually one of the oldest cities in the world.

The U.S. heavily bombed Pyongyang in 1950. U.S. and South Korean forces then temporarily captured Pyongyang. Much of the city today is what was rebuilt after bombing during the Korean War of 1950-53.

To understand North Korea, and it's capital city, we must first understand the Kim family. The supreme leader of the country after it regained independence with the end of the Second World War, in 1945, was Kim Il-Sung. His photo and statue are all over the country. The entire country used to wear medals, with his photograph on them, every day.

Here is an example of a badge featuring Kim Il-Sung. Notice the symbol in the upper left of the badge. That is the symbol of the Workers Party of Korea. But, unlike the traditional "hammer and sickle" symbol of Communism, representing industry and agriculture, there is a third element in the middle. This third element is a pen, representing the importance of intellectuals in North Korean Communism. The following image is from the Wikipedia article "Kim Il-Sung And Kim Jong-Il Badges".


After the death of Kim Il-Sung, in 1994, his son, Kim Jong-Il, became supreme leader. Two images from the Wikipedia article "Kim Jong-Il".



The present supreme leader of North Korea is the son of Kim Jong-Il, who died in 2011, and the grandson of Kim Il-Sung, Kim Jong-Un.

The Geumsusan (also spelled Kumsusan) Palace was where Kim Il-Sung reigned from. It is now a mausoleum of him and his successor and son, Kim Jong-Il who died in 2011, and a museum of their lives.

Over a century ago, Pyongyang was a very Christian city, and notice how the devotion to the Kim Dynasty since the end of the Second World War is a lot like a religion. Especially notice how the following statue in the mausoleum looks like something that might be seen in a Catholic church. The following image is from the Wikipedia article "Kumsusan Palace of the Sun". 




Since most of what is seen in Pyongyang today is what was rebuilt relatively recently, after the Korean War, I decided to conduct our visit simply by geography, rather than by history. Let's start at the northern end of Pyongyang, and proceed southward.

This is Kim Il-Sung University. 

There are multiple scenes following. To see the scenes, after the first one, you must first click the up arrow, ^, before you can move on to the next scene by clicking the right or forward arrow, >. After clicking the up arrow you can hide the previews of successive scenes, if you wish.

https://www.google.com/maps/@39.0584603,125.7679701,3a,75y,181h,76t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1s-B05UrtpTvz0%2FVay0SkYxsLI%2FAAAAAAAAaM4%2FmFf6LyZD6S8mlmKyZCTghqoCn76f6gQegCJkC!2e4!3e11!6s%2F%2Flh6.googleusercontent.com%2F-B05UrtpTvz0%2FVay0SkYxsLI%2FAAAAAAAAaM4%2FmFf6LyZD6S8mlmKyZCTghqoCn76f6gQegCJkC%2Fw203-h100-k-no-pi-14.999992-ya1.4999915-ro-0-fo100%2F!7i5656!8i2828

Close to the Mausoleum and University of Kim Il-Sung is the May Day Stadium, remember that the first day of May is a holiday for Communists and Socialists. Remember also that the symbol of North Korean communism has the pen of the intellectual included with the hammer and sickle.

https://www.google.com/maps/@39.0496636,125.7742543,3a,75y,79h,88t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1s-WCmlB2Ix-rE%2FVUcq86kFDFI%2FAAAAAAAAXJI%2F7JxTlUx9nuwnErrFnORSlQik1ofnwsz5ACJkC!2e4!3e11!6s%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2F-WCmlB2Ix-rE%2FVUcq86kFDFI%2FAAAAAAAAXJI%2F7JxTlUx9nuwnErrFnORSlQik1ofnwsz5ACJkC%2Fw203-h100-k-no-pi-2.9999962-ya79.5-ro0-fo100%2F!7i2508!8i1254

Moving southward through the city, we come to the Arch of Triumph. This is actually a little bit larger then the one in Paris, and remembers the end of occupation by Japan in 1945. The arch is located close to the Kim Il-Sung Stadium of Ideals. The first of the following images is from the Wikipedia article "Arch of Triumph" and the second is from Google Street View.



This image, from Google Street View, is of Kim Il-Sung Stadium.


Two structures that will often be seen in the background in photos of Pyongyang is first, the Pyongyang Television Tower, which has an observation deck and revolving restaurant. Image from the Wikipedia article "Pyongyang TV Tower".


And second, the Ryugyong Hotel. This is the structure that is over 100 stories tall and shaped like a sharp pyramid. It was begun in the 1980s, but reports are that economics has prevented it from being completed. Image from the Wikipedia article "Ryugyong Hotel".


In 1968, fifteen years after the Korean War had ended, the North Koreans managed to capture a U.S. Navy intelligence-gathering ship, the U.S.S. Pueblo. The crew was eventually released, but the ship was kept as a war trophy and is now at anchor in Pyongyang, next to the Victorious Fatherland Liberation War Museum. The following scenes begin on board the Pueblo. The first four images, from Google Street View, are of the inside of the Pueblo.





Nearby is the legislative building, the Supreme People's Assembly. The large building at the top of the hill is the Korean Revolution Museum. One scene, with the statue of Kim Il-Sung holding his arm aloft, is incorrectly labeled as being in Kim Il-Sung Square, although the square is not very far away.

https://www.google.com/maps/@39.032644,125.7538602,3a,75y,67.43h,90t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1s-oJFtncp-EyQ%2FWPCd8WU1glI%2FAAAAAAAAPCY%2FRJZkvBtdtKkGKFdQjJdFyURWeQIxSozwQCLIB!2e4!3e11!6s%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2F-oJFtncp-EyQ%2FWPCd8WU1glI%2FAAAAAAAAPCY%2FRJZkvBtdtKkGKFdQjJdFyURWeQIxSozwQCLIB%2Fw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya158.84486-ro-0-fo100%2F!7i8704!8i4352

On the east bank of the Taedong River is the Ideals of the North Korean Workers' Party Monument. Remember, again, that the North Korean symbol for Communism has the pen of the intellectual added to the hammer and sickle. The first following image is from Google Street View, the second is from the Wikipedia article "Monument To Party Founding". 



A prominent landmark in central Pyongyang is the Juche Tower. The principle of Juche means "self-reliance". The first of the following images is from the Wikipedia article "Juche Tower", and the second is from Google Street View. 



Across the Taedong River from the Juche Tower is Kim Il-Sung Square. The building with the green roof is a library, the Grand People's Study House. Government buildings are around Kim Il-Sung Square. The following image, from Google Street View, is looking back across the river at the Juche Tower.


In these two images, from Google Street View, the Grand People's Study House is shown from close up and from across the river. 



https://www.google.com/maps/@39.0194608,125.7535511,3a,75y,61.16h,90t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1s-7kUI7sA_avc%2FVcs1bzIh3oI%2FAAAAAAAAaU0%2FAdNQ_h5TylQRANf4aXLaWMYfdSZQWlVBQCJkC!2e4!3e11!6s%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2F-7kUI7sA_avc%2FVcs1bzIh3oI%2FAAAAAAAAaU0%2FAdNQ_h5TylQRANf4aXLaWMYfdSZQWlVBQCJkC%2Fw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya234.67354-ro-0-fo100%2F!7i5656!8i2828

Other than a few government offices, North Koreans cannot access the outside internet. A special intranet, with several thousand web sites, has been set up for the people by the government. Here is a computer room in the Grand People's Study House. This image is from the Wikipedia article "Grand People's Study House". 


You may notice that there are not many cars in Pyongyang. But it is known for it's very efficient metro system. The following scenes begin in the subway, in Yonggwan Station. As you might expect, there are murals of Kim Il-Sung and Kim Jong-Il. The first two images are of murals in the station. The people are following the leadership of Kim Il-Sung to build a glorious socialist paradise.




https://www.google.com/maps/@39.0150375,125.6577911,3a,75y,72.73h,90t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1s-e4oe3Q372Ps%2FWOJpBTygJ8I%2FAAAAAAAAAnw%2FV6BLmHV1JsYZaeOteqmn2LzvV0-BQGFtACLIB!2e4!3e11!6s%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2F-e4oe3Q372Ps%2FWOJpBTygJ8I%2FAAAAAAAAAnw%2FV6BLmHV1JsYZaeOteqmn2LzvV0-BQGFtACLIB%2Fw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya313.18695-ro0-fo100%2F!7i8704!8i4352

In the south of Pyongyang, there is the Science and Technology Center. The entire museum is shaped like an atom.

https://www.google.com/maps/@38.9883003,125.7139816,3a,75y,316h,88t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1s-OmVDMDyzOfg%2FWOJnlNABJTI%2FAAAAAAAAAnk%2FXQoxnFipvVELRDILunbYUIqdqw1TzVsWgCLIB!2e4!3e11!6s%2F%2Flh4.googleusercontent.com%2F-OmVDMDyzOfg%2FWOJnlNABJTI%2FAAAAAAAAAnk%2FXQoxnFipvVELRDILunbYUIqdqw1TzVsWgCLIB%2Fw203-h100-k-no-pi-2.9338646-ya115.500015-ro-0-fo100%2F!7i8704!8i4352

Finally, in the southern part of Pyongyang is the Reunification Arch. Kim Il-Sung had plans to bring North and South Korea back together. Image from the Wikipedia article "Arch of Reunification".


The following eight images, from Google Street View, are a general look at life and buildings around Pyongyang.