Thursday, November 25, 2021

Melbourne

Australia is a vast country, about the size of the continental U.S. In fact, it is the only country that occupies an entire continent. But most of the population is concentrated along it's east coast, to the east of the Great Dividing Range. On the other side of that mountain range, the population of the Outback is very sparse.


One thing that Australians are known for is their sense of fairness, making sure that everyone has a "fair go". Another thing that Australians are known for is their friendly sense of humor. If Australians make a joke about you, unlike with many other people, it means that they like you.

Melbourne is the second-largest city in Australia, after Sydney. It is in the far south of Australia and was long the most important city in the country. It hosted the 1956 Olympics, and is today growing faster than Sydney. Melbourne is the real "cultural capital" of Australia, representative of what Australia is all about. Unlike Sydney, Melbourne was founded by free settlers and did not start as a penal colony.

Victoria State is centered on Melbourne, while Sydney is the major city of the state of New South Wales. Like Sydney, Melbourne grew as a result of a Nineteenth-Century gold rush. One disadvantage of being in Melbourne is that it is just so far away from everything, European migrants have a journey to visit back home that is about three times as long as if they were in eastern North America, but yet so many people want to live here.

A good place to begin our visit to Melbourne would be around the the Flinders Street Railway Station. The river is the Yarra River. Notice the bridge with one arch above it, it is of the same design as the one we saw on our visit to "Glasgow", the Clyde Arc Bridge.

There are multiple scenes following. To see the scenes, after the first one, you must first click the up arrow, ^, before you can move on to the next scene by clicking the right or forward arrow, >. After clicking the up arrow, you can then hide the previews of successive scenes, if you wish.

https://www.google.com/maps/@-37.8182629,144.9677545,3a,75y,0.21h,90t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipN-VCunvyj6RnRTk1m8LgLcrrRLkfthPJ70SQdA!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN-VCunvyj6RnRTk1m8LgLcrrRLkfthPJ70SQdA%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya277.25894-ro-0-fo100!7i5472!8i2736

Here are some more scenes of the central area of Melbourne, beginning on Collins Street.

https://www.google.com/maps/@-37.8185457,144.9557948,3a,75y,90h,90t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sG9vzdvTBo7yCN3HGbi4FBA!2e0!6s%2F%2Fgeo0.ggpht.com%2Fcbk%3Fpanoid%3DG9vzdvTBo7yCN3HGbi4FBA%26output%3Dthumbnail%26cb_client%3Dmaps_sv.tactile.gps%26thumb%3D2%26w%3D203%26h%3D100%26yaw%3D157.2724%26pitch%3D0%26thumbfov%3D100!7i13312!8i6656

The following scenes of Melbourne begin with the Princess Theater on one side and Parliament House on the other side. Parliament House was once the parliament of all of Australia when it served as the temporary capital of the country before the new capital city, Canberra, was built.

https://www.google.com/maps/@-37.8106391,144.9726716,3a,75y,66.68h,90t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sTB4ip3Q_SLJYGjNac12P0A!2e0!6s%2F%2Fgeo3.ggpht.com%2Fcbk%3Fpanoid%3DTB4ip3Q_SLJYGjNac12P0A%26output%3Dthumbnail%26cb_client%3Dmaps_sv.tactile.gps%26thumb%3D2%26w%3D203%26h%3D100%26yaw%3D61.377758%26pitch%3D0%26thumbfov%3D100!7i13312!8i6656

The following scenes begin inside the old Royal Exhibition Building, where many shows and exhibitions have been held over the years.

https://www.google.com/maps/@-37.8047774,144.9717115,2a,75y,174.23h,90t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sZReAOif26m5gUdMXM9ulkA!2e0!3e2!6s%2F%2Fgeo1.ggpht.com%2Fcbk%3Fpanoid%3DZReAOif26m5gUdMXM9ulkA%26output%3Dthumbnail%26cb_client%3Dmaps_sv.tactile.gps%26thumb%3D2%26w%3D203%26h%3D100%26yaw%3D175.43576%26pitch%3D0%26thumbfov%3D100!7i13312!8i6656

The usual image of an Australian is of being laid-back and carefree, whose main concern is with getting a tan and surfing. There is no surfing at Melbourne because it's waterfront is on Port Phillip Bay, which is mostly shielded from the ocean and it's surfable waves. But Melbourne is shown in these scenes making up for the lack of surfing with motorbike jumping and auto racing, and being promoted by the Melbourne cheerleaders.

https://www.google.com/maps/@-37.8514245,144.9690007,3a,75y,97.49h,90t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipN5qd5kynmD9nxzMLBsqcBmAjEXoBUqFMztP7sW!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN5qd5kynmD9nxzMLBsqcBmAjEXoBUqFMztP7sW%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya91.54-ro-0-fo100!7i4500!8i2250

Here is the residential area of Cheltenham. We saw the English city of the same name in the visit, "Gloucestershire And Herefordshire".

https://www.google.com/maps/@-37.9661877,145.0664446,3a,75y,98h,90t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1s0dY2AFaGqJvoUyMeizZIGg!2e0!6s%2F%2Fgeo0.ggpht.com%2Fcbk%3Fpanoid%3D0dY2AFaGqJvoUyMeizZIGg%26output%3Dthumbnail%26cb_client%3Dmaps_sv.tactile.gps%26thumb%3D2%26w%3D203%26h%3D100%26yaw%3D98.67331%26pitch%3D0%26thumbfov%3D100!7i13312!8i6656

Questioning DNA Testing

There was recently a trial nearby that relied heavily on DNA evidence. The thing that I find a little bit disturbing is how DNA testing seems to be considered as absolutely foolproof. If a lab test shows that someone's DNA was found somewhere it is like the Word of God.

I remember when lie detectors, or polygraphs, were where DNA is now, considered as practically infallible. For my first job where I got a paycheck I had to go and take a polygraph test. Getting hired depended on passing the test.

Polygraphs have since fallen out of favor. It is widely recognized that they are not 100% accurate and polygraph test results are usually not admissible as evidence in court.

A hundred years ago if a murder victim had their eyes open a close-up photo was taken of their eyes. It was believed that the last thing a person saw would be imprinted on their eyes. That belief has obviously long since fallen by the wayside.

I cannot help wondering if a day will come when it is realized that DNA testing is not quite as accurate as we thought it was.


Thursday, November 18, 2021

Remembering "The Westbound Rule"

With the crisis in fuel prices today I see a way to save a vast amount of fuel in the flight of airlines, by taking advantage of the rotation of the earth. 

The earth rotates eastward and when a jet or rocket takes off it picks up some of the eastward momentum of the earth. This is why nations tend to locate space launch sites on an east coast, such as Cape Canaveral and India's launch site. If some mishap should occur, or when rocket stages are discarded, it will crash into the sea rather than a populated area.

So why don't we use this principle to increase fuel efficiency in aircraft? Eastbound flights should fly as low as is practical, to maximize the boost from the earth's rotation. Westbound flights should fly as high as is practical, to minimize the counter effect of the rotation.

The following link is to the posting:

www.markmeekprogress.blogspot.com/2009/06/westbound-rule.html?m=0

Thursday, November 11, 2021

Archeological Sites In The Holy Land

Here is a look at some biblical places in and around Israel. We have already seen the Temple Mount in the posting on this blog, "Esau And The Temple Mount" and "The Tomb Of The Patriarchs", so I won't cover those here. The scenes are either of ruins, or what the sites look like today.


Jericho, due to it's water supply, has been a settlement since prehistoric times. It is referred to, in the Bible, as the "City of Palm Trees". Jericho was the first Canaanite city that was captured by the Israelites, after they had been freed from Egypt and were making their way into the promised land. Jericho is not far from Jerusalem, but has a different climate due to it's much lower land elevation. The following scenes are of Jericho today.

There are multiple scenes following. To see the scenes, after the first one, you must first click the up arrow, ^, before you can move on to the next scene by clicking the right or forward arrow, >. After clicking the up arrow, you can then hide the previews of successive scenes, if you wish.

https://www.google.com/maps/@31.8581396,35.4578181,3a,75y,1h,80t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMbpeqN8efbYP9IME_Uis7FEKgWtjH9WF6kxMk3!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMbpeqN8efbYP9IME_Uis7FEKgWtjH9WF6kxMk3%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-10.949902-ya1.5-ro-0-fo100!7i5660!8i2830

Early in the history of Israel, the Bible tells us that Jacob dug a well. A church has since been built over the well. The following scenes begin inside Jacob's Well Church at Tel Balata, which is believed to be the biblical city of Shechem, which is near the present West Bank city of Nablus. Shechem is a very important city in the Old Testament, and was the first capital of Israel after the country had split into Judah and Israel after the death of Solomon. Some people believe that the city referred to in the New Testament as Sychar is the same city as Shechem, because the two are in about the same place.

https://www.google.com/maps/@32.2098341,35.2851343,3a,75y,84h,90t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipP7Wr-46rqCrVq9Lm84V5FFrndnatYBK5DPKA2K!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipP7Wr-46rqCrVq9Lm84V5FFrndnatYBK5DPKA2K%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0.96354216-ya82.68229-ro-0-fo100!7i8704!8i4352

The following scenes are of the remnants of Shiloh. This was the Israelite worship center in the central highlands. Shiloh was a predecessor to the temple that was later built by King Solomon. It is where the story of Samuel and Eli takes place. Samuel was raised in Shiloh. It was destroyed in an attack by the Philistines, about 1050 B.C. This was before King David established Jerusalem as the capital, and when a new religious center was built it was the Temple that was built there. This is why Shiloh was never rebuilt, it was replaced by the Temple in Jerusalem.

https://www.google.com/maps/@32.055804,35.289828,3a,75y,137.88h,90t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOoQyFwDsfC3m2W_mzmLEKyAdfZov_EvihhmwAM!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOoQyFwDsfC3m2W_mzmLEKyAdfZov_EvihhmwAM%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya6.535701-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096

This is the Valley of Elah, where the confrontation between David and the Philistine warrior Goliath took place.

https://www.google.com/maps/@31.6882277,34.9495982,3a,75y,130.5h,90t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipN7dClBRq6hhdHF7WGQy4AkS4MJ0SE3sekIK7cs!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN7dClBRq6hhdHF7WGQy4AkS4MJ0SE3sekIK7cs%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya193.10532-ro0-fo100!7i7680!8i3840

Khan Yunis in Gaza, as seen today, is former Philistine territory along the coast. The area is still called "Palestine", after the Philistines. The name was given by the ancient Greeks. The Philistines were actually five independent city-states, which worked together. These were Gaza, Ashkelon, Ashdod, Ekron and, Gath. The first three are still there, as modern cities, Gaza as a Palestinian city, Ashkelon and Ashdod as Israeli cities.

en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan_Yunis#/media/File%3AKhan_Yunis_panorama.jpg

Does anyone remember Yasir Arafat International Airport? It was established in Gaza, as a symbol of peace, in 1998. Bill Clinton arrived for the opening ceremony. But it lasted less then two years before it was incapacitated by conflict. The remains of the runway can still be seen. But remember that this is where the Philistines and Israelites lived, and did battle with one another. The Philistines are not related to the modern Palestinians, but the heritage of conflict there lives on.

https://www.google.com/maps/@31.2435783,34.2817169,5190m/data=!3m1!1e3

The following scenes are of Mount Carmel, for which so many churches are named. This is where the miracle contest between Elijah and the prophets of Baal took place. God caused Elijah's sacrifice to miraculously burst into flame, even though it was soaking wet.

en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Carmel#/media/File%3ACaiobadner_-_mount_carmel.JPG

Megiddo is a site in northern Israel that has been settled for a very long time. In the Old Testament, this is where King Josiah of Judah tried to stop Egyptian Pharaoh Necho from passing through his territory. Necho tried to explain that he had nothing against Judah, and was on his way to help the Assyrians against Babylon. But Josiah insisted on stopping him, and was killed in the resulting confrontation. Necho took Josiah's oldest son as a prisoner to Egypt, where he died. He installed another son on the throne of Judah, and changed his name to Jehoiakim.

It was the death of the great king Josiah which seems to have led to the destruction of the Temple, and exile in Babylon. Assyria didn't last much longer and Babylon proved to be the new great power, although it never actually conquered Egypt. Jehoiakim's attempt to switch allegiance to Egypt which brought about a Babylonian siege of Jerusalem, and the subsequent destruction of the Temple and exile.

Armageddon is actually named for Megiddo. It is adjacent to the broad Jezreel Valley, where a major battle will take place during the Last Days of the world, just prior to the return of Jesus. The following scenes are of Megiddo.

https://www.google.com/maps/@32.5851856,35.1844932,3a,75y,132.68h,90t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipO5J_Oxy5NPWuL33X6URaLM0J5Rt5NmArhViNy_!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO5J_Oxy5NPWuL33X6URaLM0J5Rt5NmArhViNy_%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya317.57886-ro0-fo100!7i6758!8i3378

When the Assyrians took the "Ten Lost Tribes" of Israelites into exile, scattering them around the Assyrian Empire, they brought in other people and settled them in their place. These settlers intermixed with the remaining Israelites, and by the time of Jesus were known as Samaritans, and the region as Samaria. There are still Samaritans today. They consider themselves as having the true Jewish religion, that was not contaminated by the later exile in Babylon. One difference is that Samaritans consider Mount Gerizim as sacred, rather than the Temple Mount. They believe that "Mount Moriah", that is referred to in the scriptures, is Mount Gerizim and not the hill on which the first two Jewish temples were built and around which the Temple Mount is now constructed.

Mount Gerizim is near Jacob's Well, that we saw above. That is where, in the Gospel of John Chapter 4, Jesus has his discussion with the Samaritan woman who came to draw water. The following scenes are of Mount Gerizim.

https://www.google.com/maps/@32.2005556,35.2733333,3a,75y,1h,90t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPAAodI7hWVLqA-5SMoz4Lt2B7UFJuGN3wQ-i7U!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPAAodI7hWVLqA-5SMoz4Lt2B7UFJuGN3wQ-i7U%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya21.500013-ro-0-fo100!7i8704!8i4352

There was an ascetic Jewish sect, in the time before Jesus, called the Essenes. They had a settlement in the desert, well away from Jerusalem which they considered as a hotbed of sin, called Qumran. The Essenes copied the scriptures, using ink made of powdered charcoal. They stored scrolled manuscripts in clay jars, and hid them in caves. The story is that, in 1946, a shepherd boy threw a stone which landed inside a cave, and he heard pottery breaking. This led to the discovery of what is known as the Dead Sea Scrolls, which are early copies of the Hebrew Bible. Here are some scenes around Qumran today.

https://www.google.com/maps/@31.7412663,35.4589996,3a,75y,100.09h,90t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipM9OcKmOaytdKDQeFX8w8oE9fTcKFth3ujiwj_j!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM9OcKmOaytdKDQeFX8w8oE9fTcKFth3ujiwj_j%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0.050001476-ya101.8162-ro-1.2155193-fo100!7i5376!8i2688

Masada is the high mesa where King Herod built a fortification. It is better known as the site where a large number of people sought shelter during the Jewish uprising against Roman rule. The Romans finally succeeded in getting to the top of Masada, but they won a pyrrhic victory. 960 people atop Masada chose to die by suicide rather than submit to the Romans. Isn't it something how history repeats itself? The same event would happen in 1978, at Jonestown, with almost exactly the same number of people.

https://www.google.com/maps/@31.3173427,35.3579801,2a,75y,263h,94t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1s8vY143t1yk4AAAQYVf2ipQ!2e0!6s%2F%2Fgeo1.ggpht.com%2Fcbk%3Fpanoid%3D8vY143t1yk4AAAQYVf2ipQ%26output%3Dthumbnail%26cb_client%3Dmaps_sv.tactile.gps%26thumb%3D2%26w%3D203%26h%3D100%26yaw%3D263.40625%26pitch%3D4.979166%26thumbfov%3D100!7i13312!8i6656

Caesarea, built by the same King Herod who also built the Temple Mount, was the Roman capital of Palestine. Here is a look at it today.

https://www.google.com/maps/@32.501758,34.8922126,3a,75y,95.89h,90t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPbCOyeM5Pn3YlgEdSdHMPu52ZgVzkzUD1DYGyO!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPbCOyeM5Pn3YlgEdSdHMPu52ZgVzkzUD1DYGyO%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya317.9713-ro-0-fo100!7i10240!8i5120

This is believed to be Jesus' Baptismal Site on Jordan River. This is where Jesus was baptized by John the Baptist.

https://www.google.com/maps/@31.8369216,35.5461109,3a,75y,126.92h,90t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOxsONxO4kKxnX5753p4alxOBVxI5OsY24iwwxk!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOxsONxO4kKxnX5753p4alxOBVxI5OsY24iwwxk%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya138.48843-ro0-fo100!7i8704!8i4352

The following scenes are of the ruins of Hisham's Palace in Jericho. This palace was not there in biblical times. It was built by the Umayyads, which were the first major caliphate of Islam that lasted for a long time. The Umayyads were great builders, and we have seen their mosques and palaces before on this blog. The Umayyads built the two mosques on the Temple Mount, Al Aqsa and the Dome of the Rock, the Mosque of Damascus, and they also once had a palace on the south side of the Temple Mount. The Umayyads also began the famed Cathedral-Mosque of Cordoba, in Spain.

https://www.google.com/maps/@31.8826581,35.4597761,3a,75y,214h,88t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipN3kIC3nyM8ng7xMcnO1eq5VYjaR2KEFteBOSxk!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN3kIC3nyM8ng7xMcnO1eq5VYjaR2KEFteBOSxk%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-2.9999962-ya46.499996-ro-0-fo100!7i10240!8i5120

In the far north of Israel, not too far from Nazareth where Jesus grew up, is the city of Acre. It is sometimes spelled as Acco, with Acre being the English name of it. Acre is built around one of the few good natural harbors on the coast of Israel, and it's history goes far back into ancient times. Acre has been a part of the usual parade of empires that have conquered through these parts. But what it is best known for is it's role in the era of the Crusades. The attempts to regain the Holy Land from the Moslems were ultimately unsuccessful, and Acre ended up as the final stronghold of the Crusaders. It was the headquarters of orders of knights that protected and assisted pilgrims to the Holy Land. It was later destroyed by the Mamluk rulers of Egypt. We can see that it was later ruled by the Ottomans because there is a mosque, with a green roof, that is built in the same form as the Hagia Sophia, which effectively says "The Ottomans Were Here".

en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acre_Israel#/media/File%3AAcre_201016_Port_03.jpg

The ruins of the city of Ugarit are not in Israel, but in northern Syria. It is thus not a part of the Holy Land. But I thought I would include it because it was a great and important city. Ugarit is believed to have been destroyed by the mysterious "Sea Peoples", who arrived in the Levant, as the eastern shore of the Mediterranean is known, about 1200 B.C. This seems to have been from where the Philistines came. The following scenes are of the ruins of Ugarit.

https://www.google.com/maps/@35.6021271,35.7850361,3a,75y,116.04h,90t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMjnrtb3gL9ykABUG3E1wVXVNT7jsVTA0CpGE0y!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMjnrtb3gL9ykABUG3E1wVXVNT7jsVTA0CpGE0y%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya105.80365-ro-0-fo100!7i8704!8i4352

Remembering F.W. DeKlerk

F.W. DeKlerk, the former president of South Africa whose passing was announced today, was behind the end of the Apartheid policy, the separation of the races, in his homeland. I remember his 1994 announcement that Nelson Mandela was being released from prison. Mandela would end up being president of the country, with DeKlerk as his deputy president.

I am certain that the global influence of Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms had a strong influence on what took place in South Africa. Like Gorbachev, DeKlerk recognized that the tide was against the system over which he presided and led the change instead of trying to resist it.

P.W. Botha was the less reform-minded predecessor of DeKlerk, as President of South Africa. Has anyone thought that the stroke suffered by Botha, in February 1989, is what led to DeKlerk's presidency and the end of Apartheid?

Did you know that an air force, as a separate branch of the military, originated with an earlier president of South Africa? Jan Smuts, pronounced "Yan Smoots", was in Britain during the First World War, when aircraft were first beginning to be used in combat. Jan Smuts produced a report that would bring about the first new branch of a military since ancient times, an air force that carried on it's own war and not under the control of the army or navy. The result was the formation of the RAF and now most countries have separate air forces. The U.S. didn't start a separate air force until 1947, all warplanes before that were part of the army or navy.

Here is a link to our posting about Mikhail Gorbachev:

 www.markmeeksideas.blogspot.com/2019/09/tribute-to-great-leader.html?m=0