Thursday, September 25, 2025

Zhengzhou

The part of China that we will see today could well be called the Ancient Capital Region. Although China today is the same nation that it was in ancient times, many different cities have served as the capital. A new dynasty will typically set up it's capital in a city of it's choice. Some cities have been the capital of the country a number of different times.

There are three former capital cities in close proximity to one another. These are Zhengzhou, Luoyang and, Kaifeng.

To the north of these cities is the site of Yinxu, which was the capital of the Shang Dynasty very early in China's history, but there is no coverage of it on Google Street View.

Zhengzhou was the capital city for a significant part of China's history. Like so many Chinese cities, it goes far back into ancient times. It is the birthplace of the fabled "Yellow Emperor", who is the possibly mythical founder of China. Many people believe that the Yellow Emperor was the ancestor of all Chinese people.

The following scenes begin in the center of Zhengzhou. The first five images are from Google Street View.






There are multiple scenes following. To see the scenes, after the first one, you must first click the up arrow, ^, before you can move on to the next scene by clicking the right or forward arrow, >, After clicking the up arrow, you can then hide the previews of successive scenes, if you wish.

https://www.google.com/maps/@34.746671,113.660775,3a,75y,290.3h,116.89t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOUFU_koTERQKnA9ZTBUy9XGNnL2O8nOg8LiFBR!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOUFU_koTERQKnA9ZTBUy9XGNnL2O8nOg8LiFBR%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-26.885416-ya35.30208-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096

Here is more of the central area of the Zhengzhou.

https://www.google.com/maps/@34.7709264,113.7209065,3a,75y,1.5h,92.93t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOlGU6WBr7RLsdB3_Ez29wzgATI_WfYr5aSIOeI!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOlGU6WBr7RLsdB3_Ez29wzgATI_WfYr5aSIOeI%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-2.9338646-ya333.5-ro-0-fo100!7i10240!8i5120

This is north of the Zhengzhou city center. The first two images are from Google Street View.



https://www.google.com/maps/@34.8004746,113.6601578,3a,75y,97.18h,120t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipOXtzWrijjxvraLHpdQ8hWXQuZN-MRGZTmUG32-!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipOXtzWrijjxvraLHpdQ8hWXQuZN-MRGZTmUG32-%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-30.000002-ya80.177086-ro-0-fo100!7i8192!8i4096

To the west of Zhengzhou is the city of Luoyang. This was the capital of the Zhou Dynasty, which is the longest-reigning dynasty in Chinese history. Luoyang has the status of being one of the Four Ancient Capitals of China, along with Beijing, Xian and, Nanjing. The first five images are from Google Street View.











https://www.google.com/maps/@34.8062557,114.3439607,3a,75y,1.5h,92.93t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipO27EM0tVqbLBVIBw4pfBPenW2O3bRAUG0_KZjQ!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipO27EM0tVqbLBVIBw4pfBPenW2O3bRAUG0_KZjQ%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-2.9338646-ya1.5000075-ro-0-fo100!7i8000!8i4000

If I had to choose a new capital for China, my choice would be Xian. Another possible choice would be either Hangzhou or Nanjing. These cities seem to represent all that China is, and are not too far north or south so that the other end of the country thinks that the capital is too far away from them.

Not far away there is another city that we can visit but, even though it is very old, has never been the capital of all of China. This city is Jinan. One of the best-known sights in Jinan is Sacred Heart Cathedral. The first two images are from Google Street View.




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The Story Of China

If you would like to review China's history, which goes far back into ancient times, there is a link below to "The Story Of China".

Remember that the reason for these weekly visits are to help us to understand each other. Growing up there seemed to be wars everywhere, in movies, in books, and in the news. God has given us all that we need to build a paradise on earth and this is what we do with it. Now that God has given me this vast audience I am going to all that I can to promote world peace, although I am well aware of the Apocalypse foretold in the Bible.

www.markmeeksideas.blogspot.com/2019/04/the-story-of-china.html?m=0

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Apocalyptic Developments

This is about developments in the scenario described in the two parallel postings, "The End Of The World As We Know It" and "Inducing The Apocalypse", both June 2025.

The Rapture didn't happen this week and the world didn't end. Remember that Jesus stated that no one knows the exact day, although we will know the general time, and there will be a lot of false predictions and falseness and deception in the Last Days.

Donald Trump has achieved about all that he can in this world, becoming a billionaire and two-term U.S. president and the most colorful character in the world, and is now near eighty years old. But his place in world history pales in comparison with his potential place in eternal history. The second half of the seven-year reign of the Antichrist will be the worst time that the world has ever seen. But when it is over, the Kingdom of Jesus will be established on earth. If Donald Trump could induce the emergence of the Antichrist by shaking up the world, such as he did with the U.N. this week, his prominent place in eternal history would be sealed.

Donald Trump really castigated the United Nations as falling far short of it's potential. The leader of the U.N. is the Secretary General. But how many people can name the Secretary General of the United Nations? It is, by design, a somewhat obscure position. That's what the Pope was like until it all changed with John Paul II, in 1978. What if the U.N. could undergo a similar makeover, with it's General Secretary being an A-list celebrity? I have written about this here previously.

At the time of the United Nations General Assembly there were demonstrations, particularly across Europe, in favor of Palestine, and a number of nations have joined those who have already recognized Palestine. But the Government of Israel, supported by Donald Trump, have resisted. This has become a more contentious issue than the war in Ukraine, even though it is not a direct threat to Europe. The only solution seems to be for Europe to band closer together, with a powerful leader who can deal with Donald Trump, Vladimir Putin and Benjamin Netanyahu.

In June, Israel and the United States bombed Iran's nuclear capacity. This week it was in the news that Russia has signed a nuclear reactor deal with Iran. We know that Iran will be allied with the power that will invade Israel, in the Last Days, from the "uttermost north" to start the final series of wars of the world. This can only be Russia and Moscow is due north of Israel.

Since the Antichrist will be the greatest dictator that the world has ever seen, we would expect that there would be a decline in democracy. It was thought that the end of the Berlin Wall, in 1989, was the triumph of democracy. We now see that it was actually the peak of democracy, with global democracy being in slow decline ever since. But we are not looking for democracy to go away altogether, because the Antichrist will certainly take power by the will of the people. The general decline in democracy continued this week as Donald Trump made a statement that broadcast networks whose hosts criticize him could have their licenses revoked.


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The United Nations And The Dollar

Has anyone ever noticed how the U.N. Building resembles the U.S. Dollar? Images from Google Street View and the Wikipedia article "United States Dollar".



The U.S. Dollar has been the unofficial global reserve currency for about eighty years, and that is also when the United Nations was established. Is the dollar given subconscious support by it's resemblance to this global building? Might this have been done purposely?

What might it have been like if the United Nations had been in Niagara Falls? Canada was going to donate Navy Island, in the river above the falls, as the site of the United Nations Building. Image from Google Earth.


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Donald I

A few months ago we saw this posting. The news this week is about the ballroom that Donald Trump is adding on to the White House. It closely resembles the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles.

On June 14 there was protests in cities across America against Donald Trump taking on the powers of a king. It just happened to be Donald Trump's birthday.

I am usually a Democrat but I know that history is a powerful force and Donald Trump has history 100% on his side. 

We saw in the compound posting "America And The Modern World Explained By Way Of Paris", December 2015, that the Republican side of America is really the continuation of the French Bourbon Dynasty. This dynasty was America's first ally and helped it to gain independence. But Louis XIV and Marie Antoinette were later overthrown and guillotined in the French Revolution of 1789.

The protestors on 'No Kings' Day were reenacting the movement of the revolutionaries in the French Revolution. Donald Trump's monarchy side has already staged what I call America's "Reverse Bastille" Day. The signature event of the French Revolution was the Storming of the Bastille, which was an armory and prison. Donald Trump's version of it was the Storming of the Capitol, on January 6. It was ultimately successful as Donald Trump got a second term.

I read a really interesting article that Donald Trump is emulating the Sun King, Louis XIV of the French Bourbon Dynasty, and restyling the Oval Office to resemble the Palace of Versailles. Also that a room in his Florida mansion is being designed to resemble the famous Hall of Mirrors, in Versailles. 

The article is by Slate, and I read it in Yahoo! News. The article is titled "One Of Trump's Weirdest Obsessions Is Spiraling Out Of Control". But it isn't weird at all. 

Why does Donald Trump wear a suit and tie with a baseball cap? I have never seen anyone else wearing a suit and tie with a baseball cap. But the cap is actually a crown. America's Republican Party is really the continuation of the French Bourbon Dynasty. 

Donald Trump wears a blue suit and a red baseball cap. Sometimes he wears a red tie, and sometimes a blue one. Image from the Wikipedia article "MAGA", which stands for "Make America Great Again".

We can easily see what this outfit represents. The following image is from the Wikipedia article "House of Bourbon".

The red hat represents the crown in the coat of arms. The blue suit represents the drapery. In the center is the blue medallion surrounded by red pennants and gold. This is why Donald Trump sometimes wears a red tie, sometimes gold, and sometimes blue.

Donald Trump occasionally wears a white baseball cap, instead of red. But the ultimate kings were the pharaohs of Egypt and, as we saw in the section ) THE FIRST NIAGARA PROPHECY of the compound posting "The Aztec Prophecy" April 2018, the crown of the pharaohs was red and white. Image from the Wikipedia article "Pschent".

This explains Donald Trump's claim to Canada, making it the "51st state". Canada began with the French colony of Quebec. This is why Canada ended up being a separate country from America. It was because America spoke English while Quebec spoke French. The English-speaking population of Canada mostly came later, Loyalists leaving when America declared independence from Britain.

But Quebec was founded, by Samuel de Champlain, during the rule of the House of Bourbon. Their heraldic color was blue, which is seen today on the Flag of Quebec. Image from the Wikipedia article "Quebec".

This also explains why Donald Trump ordered the Gulf of Mexico to be renamed the "Gulf of America". Louisiana began as a settlement of the Bourbon Dynasty that was named for Louis XIV. The port city of New Orleans is located on the Gulf and the main street of the French Quarter is called Bourbon Street. The Louisiana Purchase, of land that America made from France, now comprises America's "Republican Heartland".

These two images of Bourbon Street are from the posting "Travel Photos Of North America".


This relates back to what we saw in the posting "Elon Musk And Adolf Hitler", April 2025.

We saw in "The Theory Of Kings", April 2022, that Donald Trump is really a king. We haven't done away with monarchy at all. We just don't usually call them kings anymore. Monarchy is the way that things have been done for thousands of years and that is not going to change overnight. 

History is a powerful force and Donald Trump is sailing with the flow of history. We saw some observations on "How History Repeats Itself" in the posting by that name, November 2019. Symbolism is also a powerful force, which we saw in "The Power Of Symbolism", March 2024.

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Word Changes

History is being made all around you, and you are helping to make it. Words change over time. Anyone who has read a King James Bible, from 1611, can see that "thee" and "thou" has since been replaced with "you". This isn't about loan words, adopted from other languages, but about English words that have changed.

Words don't change suddenly. New words tend to start as slang. There was probably a time when saying "you" was considered as slang. Since there is no reason to think that words have stopped changing, we might look at slang to see what the words of the future might be. 

There might be a factor that we could call "word drift". When writing was valuable and expensive, such as before the widespread use of the printing press and inexpensive paper, words would be shorter for efficiency. When writing became far less expensive it might be expected that words would "drift" in length, and become longer.

But now we are in an era where signs and billboards are everywhere. This is moving us back toward making words shorter, for efficiency. There is also the factor that virtually everyone is texting, making shorter words more efficient.

We can see this on signs all around us.

"Quick" is becoming "Kwik".

"Through" is becoming "Thru".

"Doughnut" is becoming "Donut".

"Value" is becoming "Valu".

"Information" is becoming "Info". 

"Photo" or "picture" is becoming "pic".

But the most prominent change is in speech, rather than writing. I have written here before how "yes" is changing into "yep", and it is time to recognize it as a word. I called a business and the person on the phone said "yep".

Let's welcome "yep" to the dictionary because "yes" is fading into history. 


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The Positive Side Of Space Junk

Here is something that I can't see has been written about space junk. This is the debris that is left in orbit from rockets and satellites. There are countless small pieces of metal that are in the news as a danger to spacecraft, since they are typically moving at high speed. But there is a potentially positive side to this space junk.

What about radio communications? These countless pieces of metal will reflect radio waves. By reflecting the waves back to earth this could greatly increase the range of the communication. To the space community, space junk is certainly a negative. But to the radio community it could be a positive.

The principle of reflecting radio waves so that they are not limited in range by the curvature of the earth has long made use of the ionosphere. This is a high layer of the atmosphere where the energy of solar radiation knocks electrons out of atoms, thus creating ions that reflect certain wavelengths of radio waves. This enables radio transmissions to extend far beyond the horizon, and are not limited to line-of-sight. 

"Skip" is a term that is used when the waves bounce between the earth and ionosphere, greatly increasing their range, possibly to the entire earth. For waves of the longest wavelength, the ionosphere can act as a "wave guide", rather than reflecting the waves.

The ionosphere actually consists of several layers, from a radio perspective, which are affected by the sun. This means that a wavelength which does not get reflected, so that it gets through to the receiver, during the day may get reflected at night, and vice versa. 

It was common for a shortwave radio station to broadcast the same transmission on several different wavelengths so that, for any given place and time of day, at least one of the broadcasts was sure to get through. The band that is used for AM (Amplitude Modulation) in North America is typically from about .5 to 1.6 mhz and it is easy to see that more stations can be received at night than during the day. That is because the signals from distant stations are reflecting off the ionosphere.

The ionosphere is limited in it's usefulness because it doesn't reflect waves shorter than about 10 meters and these are the most useful because shorter wavelengths, which mean higher frequencies, can carry more information. Transmissions with a lot of information, such as video and high-fidelity sound, require these short wavelengths. 

That is where satellites come in. Satellites receive these broadcasts and retransmit them back to earth, so that they are not limited to line-of-sight as shorter wavelengths usually are.

Talk radio, or voice telephony, doesn't require as much information as music. In the early days of radio the longest waves, which can carry the least information, were useful only for signalling in Morse Code. Random radio noise, such as from lightning, affects the amplitude of waves. This is why AM (Amplitude Modulation) is most vulnerable to noise. This can be avoided by modulating the frequency (FM), rather than the amplitude. But changing the frequency, over a limited range, of course requires the use of a higher-frequency band.

Radio waves move at the speed of light, about 300 million meters per second. Frequency is measured in hertz (hz), which is a wave cycle per second. This means that a wave with a wavelength of one meter will have a frequency of 300 mhz (megahertz).

Now back to space junk. Electromagnetic waves are reflected by objects that are of similar scale to the wavelength. When you drive under a bridge with the radio on the longer waves, such as AM in North America, it fades because they are reflected away by the bridge. But shorter wavelengths, such as FM, are still received because they are reflected around and under the bridge. Still water acts as a mirror because it's molecules are small enough, relative to the wavelength of light, and are held to a flat surface by hydrogen bonding. The sky is blue because the particles of dust that are small enough to remain airborne are the right size to scatter the blue wavelength of light.

If two, or more, pieces of space junk happened to be placed so that a radio wave from earth encountered them at exactly the same instance, then there should be some reflection of the wave. This could be a whole new frontier for long-distance radio. Admittedly the internet has made such broadcasts less important than they once were but this space junk is effectively a new, and higher, layer of the ionosphere that will reflect longer waves back to earth. Amateur radio operators could explore this new layer. Unlike the ionosphere it wouldn't be affected by the sun.

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Thursday, September 18, 2025

Ankara

Ankara, the capital city of Turkey, is a very old city going back to ancient people such as the Hattians, the Hittites and, the Phrygians. The region was known as Galatia, and the New Testament letter to the Galatians was intended for new churches in this area. The Ottoman capital had been Istanbul, but it was moved to Ankara after the end of the empire and the formation of the modern Turkish Republic. Ankara is larger than any other city in Turkey except Istanbul.

Like so many other cities in this part of the world, Ankara grew up around a citadel on a hill. The following scenes are of Ankara Castle. The first seven images, from Google Street View, are of the castle and the view of the city from the castle.








There are multiple scenes following. To see the scenes, after the first one, you must first click the up arrow, ^, before you can move on to the next scene by clicking the right or forward arrow, >, After clicking the up arrow, you can then hide the previews of successive scenes, if you wish.

https://www.google.com/maps/@39.938984,32.8653991,3a,75y,92.36h,90t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipM1sLxiJM-P5sj4Nq0OuP5xTBQy8pgG_UkNWp-S!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM1sLxiJM-P5sj4Nq0OuP5xTBQy8pgG_UkNWp-S%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya311.0726-ro-0-fo100!7i10752!8i4846

The area was near the eastern end of the Roman Empire. After the end of the empire, this eastern part would continue on as Byzantium, with it's capital at Constantinople. That would last for over a thousand years until Byzantium was conquered by a Turkic people who had migrated into the area, known as the Ottomans. They would adopt Constantinople as their capital, but change it's name to Istanbul. After the Ottoman Empire was more than seven hundred years old, it would be brought to an end and the modern Turkish Republic would be created, and it would move it's capital city to Ankara.

Early in the history of Byzantium, it constructed what would be the largest church in the world for a thousand years. It was called the Hagia Sophia. When the Ottomans conquered the city, they converted it to a mosque and built four minarets around it. Then, to show that they too were capable of such architecture they built the parallel structure facing it known today as the Blue Mosque. We saw all of this in the posting on this blog, "The House Of Holy Wisdom, Where The Modern World Began", January 2016.

This is the Roman Baths at Ankara, and the nearby area. The first image is from Google Street View.


https://www.google.com/maps/@39.9463687,32.853889,3a,75y,83.84h,90t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNyRNWx-TIWKPuFUHEBuRvjVlpwUdLyuQhrz2bd!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNyRNWx-TIWKPuFUHEBuRvjVlpwUdLyuQhrz2bd%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0.6925693-ya81.992714-ro-1.4901562-fo100!7i7200!8i3600

A great mosque was also built by the Ottomans in Ankara, that was built in the style of the Hagia Sophia. It is a central feature of the city and is known as the Kocatepe Mosque. The following scenes begin inside. The first four images are from Google Street View.





https://www.google.com/maps/@39.9165069,32.8606502,3a,75y,131.96h,90t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMCYCxPAo0rFFLd5enctHCDP9zLlVYaMx3FuYU3!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMCYCxPAo0rFFLd5enctHCDP9zLlVYaMx3FuYU3%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya178.5396-ro0-fo100!7i6656!8i3328

Ataturk was the founder, and first president of, modern Turkey. He has a vast Mausoleum in Ankara. It was his decision to move the capital of the country to Ankara. Doesn't the mausoleum remind you of the Temple of Queen Hatshepsut, in the Valley of the Kings, that we saw in the posting on this blog, "Niagara Stories", June 2024, in the section "Ramesses I"? The first three images are from Google Street View.




https://www.google.com/maps/@39.9257585,32.8373795,2a,75y,162.14h,90t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sIn6-nFiKhTAAAAGuwwIdjA!2e0!3e2!6s%2F%2Fgeo0.ggpht.com%2Fcbk%3Fpanoid%3DIn6-nFiKhTAAAAGuwwIdjA%26output%3Dthumbnail%26cb_client%3Dmaps_sv.tactile.gps%26thumb%3D2%26w%3D203%26h%3D100%26yaw%3D166.12056%26pitch%3D0%26thumbfov%3D100!7i13312!8i6656

The recently-completed Presidential Complex is the largest living quarters of any head of state in the world. It outdid even the Rashtrapati Bhavan, in India. The nearby mosque is part of the vast compound. The complex is not covered by Street View but here is a view from Google Earth.





The far western part of Ankara is known as Sincan.

https://www.google.com/maps/@39.9590214,32.5833903,3a,75y,136.5h,93t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1snUwSPPqAhHG1R-Vg7_BXSw!2e0!6s%2F%2Fgeo1.ggpht.com%2Fcbk%3Fpanoid%3DnUwSPPqAhHG1R-Vg7_BXSw%26output%3Dthumbnail%26cb_client%3Dmaps_sv.tactile.gps%26thumb%3D2%26w%3D203%26h%3D100%26yaw%3D136.5%26pitch%3D-3%26thumbfov%3D100!7i13312!8i6656

This part of Ankara starts inside the Karum Mall.

https://www.google.com/maps/@39.9003917,32.8633117,3a,75y,62.31h,90t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipPcwjPtsWY48H8fP5M3rNvwpHC9oKZd5CvCfIFb!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipPcwjPtsWY48H8fP5M3rNvwpHC9oKZd5CvCfIFb%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-3.8693104-ya235.54482-ro-1.0759778-fo100!7i5376!8i2688

The following scenes are of Hattusas, sometimes spelled Chattusas. This was the capital city of a prominent ancient people known as the Hittites. They were a warlike people who lived in Asia Minor, as the Anatolian Peninsula is sometimes referred to as. They controlled an important empire, but were later eclipsed by the Assyrians. Unlike so many of the other peoples named in the Bible, the Hittites were never enemies of the Israelites.

The Hittites are not actually related to the modern Turkish people, many of who are of Turkic origin and migrated to the area in medieval times, before forming the Ottoman Empire. Neither are the Hittites the same people as the Hattians, who were in the area before them. But their name may have come from the Hattians.

The kingdom of Babylon, which conquered the Assyrians and took the Israelites captive was actually Neo-Babylon. The original Babylon had existed nearly a thousand years before that, This original Babylon is the one that produced the famed law code of Hammurabi. That original Babylon was overthrown by the Hittites, in 1531 B.C.,who did not take control of it themselves but gave it to some of their allies.

The best-known king of the Hittites was Suppilulliuma I. He wanted to form an alliance with Egypt by marrying his son to the widow of King Tutankhamen. But the son was killed, maybe murdered, on the way to Egypt. The Egyptians and Hittites later fought in the Battle of Kadesh, which is probably the best-understood battle of ancient times.

But this battle led to the first-known peace treaty between two nations and, as far as is known, the first written agreement between nations. The following image is from the Wikipedia article "Battle of Kadesh".


This was the Hittite capital city of Hattusas. The first six images are from Google Street View.







https://www.google.com/maps/@40.021058,34.6144298,3a,75y,91.5h,90t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMrygmcwwjefuGcLohNp7lJ6ORkVF3sMS-M42aL!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMrygmcwwjefuGcLohNp7lJ6ORkVF3sMS-M42aL%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya212.50002-ro0-fo100!7i2508!8i1254

On our visit to "Istanbul", last week, there was something that I wanted to add, but didn't because the posting was getting too long. Before the Ottomans conquered Constantinople, in 1453, and renamed it as Istanbul, they gradually closed in on the city as they captured more territory. There was an Ottoman fortress alongside the Bosporus Strait, on the Anatolian (Asian) side, to the north of the city.

About fifty years after that fortress was built, they built another fortress just opposite on the European side. Working together, these two fortresses were to cut off any supplies that might be sent to the besieged city from it's allies on the coast of the Black Sea. The stone fortress on the European side, the larger of the two, is called Rumeli Hisari. The fortress is now within Istanbul, and is used for events such as carnivals and concerts. The following scenes are of Rumeli Hisari. The first three images are from Google Street View.



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