Finland and Sweden are known as the lands of fitness fanatics. There are four Scandinavian languages in northern Europe, Norwegian, Danish, Swedish and, Finnish. The first three are so similar as to have a high degree of mutual intelligibility. But the Finnish language is so different from any other language that there are widespread disagreements as to how it originated. Some believe it to be distantly related to Hungarian, which is another language not like any other, or maybe the language of the Basques in Spain and France.
Finland today is a leader in information technology, the land of Linux and Nokia. The very widely used Linux is a kind of open-source operating system.All that I have to say to Finland is "Keep up the good work". This is being written on a Nokia phone. I often write in the dark and occasionally trip over the cord. This phone has been dropped to the floor any number of times and it still works just fine. If I had to recommend a phone to take into outer space, it would be this one.
Much of the land area of Finland is actually occupied by small lakes, carved by the movement of ice age glaciers. Finland is between Sweden, to the west, and Russia, to the east. It has belonged to both, from Swedish to Russian control in 1809, and then becoming independent of Tsarist Russia upon the October Revolution of 1917. The Swedish language is still widely spoken in Finland.
Turku, which faces toward Sweden, is Finland's original city. Upon gaining control of Finland from Sweden, Russia moved the capital to the present capital city of Helsinki because it was closer to the Russian capital of St. Petersburg. These four general images of Turku are from Google Street View.
There are multiple scenes following. To see the scenes, after the first one, you must first click the up arrow ^, before you can move on to the next scene by clicking the right or forward arrow, >. After clicking the up arrow, you can then hide the previews of successive scenes, if you wish.
https://www.google.com/maps/@60.1451634,24.9875289,2a,60y,90t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sd7hOnuEqoS-ue4Z9I-h_7w!2e0!7i13312!8i6656
Helsinki Cathedral is on Senate Square. The first five images are from Google Earth and Street View.
https://www.google.com/maps/@60.1698294,24.9523075,3a,60y,90t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1s9xXK6RGEocRfP_o9NFuE5A!2e0!7i13312!8i6656
Near Helsinki is the city of Espoo. The first two images of Espoo are from Google Earth.
https://www.google.com/maps/@59.3251238,18.0708379,3a,75y,218.61h,90t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipM54s56EGhrGPSRDdpkx97SINHBSazkKn5sNkYG!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM54s56EGhrGPSRDdpkx97SINHBSazkKn5sNkYG%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya300.1686-ro-0-fo100!7i11264!8i3600
There is a story that the Swedes wanted to build a new capital city. To select the location they put gold in a log and then set the log afloat. Where the log landed on shore they built the city and named it "Stockholm", which means "The City of the Log". But I am not quite sure how true the story is.
https://www.google.com/maps/@59.3222428,17.8866166,3a,75y,222.93h,90t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNeTjdylzEmREz0HUL5uqTVEC1N88oDpQKmGYsr!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNeTjdylzEmREz0HUL5uqTVEC1N88oDpQKmGYsr%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya52.389187-ro-0-fo100!7i8704!8i4352
Sweden was once a great power in northern Europe. Aside from controlling Finland, it also held parts of what is now northern Germany and Poland. We cannot imagine the Scandinavian countries at war with each other today but Denmark and Norway were once enemies of Sweden. There were overseas colonies of Sweden, including what is now the U.S. state of Delaware. Russia's beginning as a major power began with it's victory over Sweden in a battle in Ukraine.
Much of the land area of Finland is actually occupied by small lakes, carved by the movement of ice age glaciers. Finland is between Sweden, to the west, and Russia, to the east. It has belonged to both, from Swedish to Russian control in 1809, and then becoming independent of Tsarist Russia upon the October Revolution of 1917. The Swedish language is still widely spoken in Finland.
Turku, which faces toward Sweden, is Finland's original city. Upon gaining control of Finland from Sweden, Russia moved the capital to the present capital city of Helsinki because it was closer to the Russian capital of St. Petersburg. These four general images of Turku are from Google Street View.
The cathedral and castle of Turku are both from the 13th Century. The following scenes begin at Turku Castle. The first six images are from Google Street View.
This is far northern Europe and there will be snow.
There are multiple scenes following. To see the scenes, after the first one, you must first click the up arrow ^, before you can move on to the next scene by clicking the right or forward arrow, >. After clicking the up arrow, you can then hide the previews of successive scenes, if you wish.
https://www.google.com/maps/place/Turku+Castle/@60.4357258,22.2286832,3a,75y,98.39h,90t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sE7eq1UkyWtu2GPdRHUMfLw!2e0!6shttps:%2F%2Fstreetviewpixels-pa.googleapis.com%2Fv1%2Fthumbnail%3Fcb_client%3Dmaps_sv.tactile%26w%3D900%26h%3D600%26pitch%3D0%26panoid%3DE7eq1UkyWtu2GPdRHUMfLw%26yaw%3D98.39068588187858!7i16384!8i8192!4m6!3m5!1s0x468c77a677488efd:0x5ed53f5d606fb500!8m2!3d60.4353436!4d22.2286991!16zL20vMDY2c2Yy?authuser=0&entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI1MTExMi4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D
Here is the area around Turku Cathedral. The first three images of Turku Cathedral are from Google Street View.
Here is the area around Turku Cathedral. The first three images of Turku Cathedral are from Google Street View.
https://www.google.com/maps/place/Turku+Cathedral/@60.4524531,22.2774188,3a,75y,91.52h,90t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sYopzE4igIyESfjywQdR41A!2e0!6shttps:%2F%2Fstreetviewpixels-pa.googleapis.com%2Fv1%2Fthumbnail%3Fcb_client%3Dmaps_sv.tactile%26w%3D900%26h%3D600%26pitch%3D0%26panoid%3DYopzE4igIyESfjywQdR41A%26yaw%3D91.51640431876486!7i13312!8i6656!4m6!3m5!1s0x468c76e5519393a1:0x21a06290459e792e!8m2!3d60.452473!4d22.278325!16zL20vMDc1c3N4?authuser=0&entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI1MTExMi4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D
Helsinki, from the Sixteenth Century, is the present capital of Finland When Finland was part of Sweden, and the Romanov Dynasty of nearby Russia built St. Petersburg as their capital, with the naval base at Kronstadt, Sweden responded by building a coastal fortress at Helsinki called, it's Finnish name, Suomenlinna. When Russia got control of Finland it moved the capital to Helsinki, from Turku. This is a look at Helsinki. The first four images are from Google Street View.
Helsinki, from the Sixteenth Century, is the present capital of Finland When Finland was part of Sweden, and the Romanov Dynasty of nearby Russia built St. Petersburg as their capital, with the naval base at Kronstadt, Sweden responded by building a coastal fortress at Helsinki called, it's Finnish name, Suomenlinna. When Russia got control of Finland it moved the capital to Helsinki, from Turku. This is a look at Helsinki. The first four images are from Google Street View.
https://www.google.com/maps/@60.1451634,24.9875289,2a,60y,90t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sd7hOnuEqoS-ue4Z9I-h_7w!2e0!7i13312!8i6656
Helsinki Cathedral is on Senate Square. The first five images are from Google Earth and Street View.
https://www.google.com/maps/@60.1698294,24.9523075,3a,60y,90t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1s9xXK6RGEocRfP_o9NFuE5A!2e0!7i13312!8i6656
Near Helsinki is the city of Espoo. The first two images of Espoo are from Google Earth.
https://www.google.com/maps/place/Espoo,+Finland/@60.2056438,24.6568176,3a,75y,220.38h,90t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1s5DrZElBNEXzK9dgZszU4jg!2e0!6shttps:%2F%2Fstreetviewpixels-pa.googleapis.com%2Fv1%2Fthumbnail%3Fcb_client%3Dmaps_sv.tactile%26w%3D900%26h%3D600%26pitch%3D0%26panoid%3D5DrZElBNEXzK9dgZszU4jg%26yaw%3D220.37778!7i13312!8i6656!4m6!3m5!1s0x468df2faa43d4be1:0xf0b890b45d33539f!8m2!3d60.2054911!4d24.6559!16zL20vMGM3NXc?authuser=0&entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI1MTExMi4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D
Both countries are known for their very high quality of life. But the "Swedish Model" of moderate socialism is admired across the world. At the time of this writing, the Scandinavian countries have the narrowest wealth gap in the world. This is the proportional difference between the rich and the not-so-rich.
Both countries are known for their very high quality of life. But the "Swedish Model" of moderate socialism is admired across the world. At the time of this writing, the Scandinavian countries have the narrowest wealth gap in the world. This is the proportional difference between the rich and the not-so-rich.
Stockholm, built on an archipelago of islands, is Sweden's capital today. But the country seems to have really begun in Uppsala. A town called Sigtuna may also have been an early Swedish capital.
The cathedral at Uppsala was Sweden's primary cathedral. The following scenes are at 16th Century Uppsala Castle. The first two images are from Google Earth and Street View.
https://www.google.com/maps/place/Uppsala+Castle/@59.8530981,17.6361398,3a,75y,88.34h,90t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sf8SoRcs_Jq9KtDZ4JQKbVg!2e0!6shttps:%2F%2Fstreetviewpixels-pa.googleapis.com%2Fv1%2Fthumbnail%3Fcb_client%3Dmaps_sv.tactile%26w%3D900%26h%3D600%26pitch%3D0%26panoid%3Df8SoRcs_Jq9KtDZ4JQKbVg%26yaw%3D88.3432525569404!7i16384!8i8192!4m6!3m5!1s0x465fcbf05285952d:0x8bd5bc5e5fee033e!8m2!3d59.853262!4d17.6356163!16zL20vMGQxcmRr?authuser=0&entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI1MTExMi4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D
The oldest part of the present capital city of Stockholm is called Gamla Stan. It is on an island called Stadsholmen. Here is the main square called Stortorget, next to which are the Royal Palace and Stockholm Cathedral. The first eight images are from Google Earth and Street View.
The oldest part of the present capital city of Stockholm is called Gamla Stan. It is on an island called Stadsholmen. Here is the main square called Stortorget, next to which are the Royal Palace and Stockholm Cathedral. The first eight images are from Google Earth and Street View.
https://www.google.com/maps/@59.3251238,18.0708379,3a,75y,218.61h,90t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipM54s56EGhrGPSRDdpkx97SINHBSazkKn5sNkYG!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipM54s56EGhrGPSRDdpkx97SINHBSazkKn5sNkYG%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi0-ya300.1686-ro-0-fo100!7i11264!8i3600
There is a story that the Swedes wanted to build a new capital city. To select the location they put gold in a log and then set the log afloat. Where the log landed on shore they built the city and named it "Stockholm", which means "The City of the Log". But I am not quite sure how true the story is.
Here is the more modern buildings of Stockholm.
https://www.google.com/maps/place/Stockholm,+Sweden/@59.3373291,18.0694984,3a,75y,118.11h,90t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1s49QM5WISnJPcAcFKrh3kxw!2e0!6shttps:%2F%2Fstreetviewpixels-pa.googleapis.com%2Fv1%2Fthumbnail%3Fcb_client%3Dmaps_sv.tactile%26w%3D900%26h%3D600%26pitch%3D0%26panoid%3D49QM5WISnJPcAcFKrh3kxw%26yaw%3D118.10825665982773!7i16384!8i8192!4m6!3m5!1s0x465f763119640bcb:0xa80d27d3679d7766!8m2!3d59.3327036!4d18.0656255!16zL20vMDZteHM?authuser=0&entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI1MTExMi4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D
Sweden's royal residence today is Drottningholm. The first three images are from Google Street View.
Sweden's royal residence today is Drottningholm. The first three images are from Google Street View.
https://www.google.com/maps/@59.3222428,17.8866166,3a,75y,222.93h,90t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipNeTjdylzEmREz0HUL5uqTVEC1N88oDpQKmGYsr!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipNeTjdylzEmREz0HUL5uqTVEC1N88oDpQKmGYsr%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya52.389187-ro-0-fo100!7i8704!8i4352
Sweden was once a great power in northern Europe. Aside from controlling Finland, it also held parts of what is now northern Germany and Poland. We cannot imagine the Scandinavian countries at war with each other today but Denmark and Norway were once enemies of Sweden. There were overseas colonies of Sweden, including what is now the U.S. state of Delaware. Russia's beginning as a major power began with it's victory over Sweden in a battle in Ukraine.
Gothenburg is Sweden's major coastal city that faces westward, toward Denmark. This is the home of Volvo, the safety-conscious carmaker that does not enforce it's patents on safety features, allowing other manufacturers to use Volvo developments to make their cars safer. The first three images are from Google Street View.
https://www.google.com/maps/place/Gothenburg,+Sweden/@57.7040242,11.9639851,3a,75y,267.54h,90t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sarJBtBtQd3lseSVGr9JxCg!2e0!6shttps:%2F%2Fstreetviewpixels-pa.googleapis.com%2Fv1%2Fthumbnail%3Fcb_client%3Dmaps_sv.tactile%26w%3D900%26h%3D600%26pitch%3D0%26panoid%3DarJBtBtQd3lseSVGr9JxCg%26yaw%3D267.5411231095763!7i16384!8i8192!4m6!3m5!1s0x464f8e67966c073f:0x4019078290e7c40!8m2!3d57.70887!4d11.97456!16zL20vMDM0M18?authuser=0&entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI1MTExMi4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D
Swedish Hasselblad cameras were the ones chosen for the Apollo astronauts to take to the moon. A number of Hasselblad cameras are still on the moon.
Swedish Hasselblad cameras were the ones chosen for the Apollo astronauts to take to the moon. A number of Hasselblad cameras are still on the moon.
Malmo is another coastal city that faces west toward Denmark, which was once an enemy and which owned Malmo. But Malmo is from the Thirteenth Century. The following scenes begin in Malmo Castle, which is a Danish fortress from the Sixteenth Century. The first three images are from Google Earth and Street View. The tall residential building is the Twisted Torso. There are very few skyscrapers in Scandinavia.
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