The Relationship Between Distance And Energy

There is a clear relationship between distance and energy. We only have to look at the sky to see that the default gravitational form of matter in the universe is a sphere. This is because the universe always seeks the lowest energy state and a sphere is the three-dimensional form that has the least surface area per volume. This means that surface area is equivalent to energy and we know that surface area is distance squared.

We also know that, if we drop an object from a greater height, it will impact the ground with a greater force. This shows that vertical distance is equivalent to energy. The object will impact the ground at a greater velocity, which is distance per time. This is what gives the object it's greater force and shows again that there is a direct relationship between distance and energy.

In an orbit around an astronomical object, such as the earth or sun, a higher orbit is also a higher-energy orbit. According to Kepler's Law, a line from the mass center of a planet to the mass center of the sun will sweep over equal areas of space in equal periods of time, meaning that it will move faster in it's orbit when closer to the sun. This is another example of the relationship between distance and energy.

Those examples are of the movement of matter. We can also see the relationship between energy and distance with electromagnetic radiation. The Inverse Square Law is that a light, or other source of electromagnetic radiation, at twice the distance will have one-quarter the brightness. An object of given apparent size will appear as one-quarter of that apparent size, in terms of angular diameter, at twice the distance. This shows that the same relationship between distance and energy applies to electromagnetic radiation as with matter. 

This can also be seen in the orbitals of electrons inside atoms. A higher orbital has higher energy, because it encloses more space. The atom can absorb electromagnetic radiation, which produces it's spectra, and the energy of the radiation will move an electron up to a higher orbital. Or the atom may release electromagnetic radiation, in which case an electron will drop down to a lower orbital.

What all of this does is prove my cosmology theory correct. The following two paragraphs are the brief abstract that I use to introduce the theory.

My cosmological theory has the universe as not-quite-parallel strings of matter aligned mostly in one direction in four-dimensional space, although there could be many more than these four dimensions. The direction in which these strings of matter are primarily aligned is the one that we perceive as time, along which our consciousnesses move at what we perceive as the speed of light. We can only see perpendicular to the bundles of strings of matter comprising our bodies and brains. The original two-dimensional sheet of space, amidst the multi-dimensional background space, disintegrated in one of it's two dimensions as one pair of it's opposite sides came into contact. Due to charge migration, to seek a lower energy state, one side was positive in charge and the other was negative. This brought about the matter-antimatter mutual annihilation that we perceive as the Big Bang. The energy in the disintegrating dimension, from the tension between adjacent opposite electric charges, was released. The remaining dimension then consisted of very long strings of infinitesimal cross-section, that we perceive as the particles of matter today. Some of the energy released by the disintegrating dimension went into "welding" the charges of the remaining dimension together as strings of matter. We perceive these strings as particles because our consciousnesses are moving along the bundles of strings composing our bodies and brains, at what we perceive as the speed of light, and we can only see at right angles to our strings.

So, the basics of my theory is a two-dimensional sheet of space, which formed amidst the multi-dimensional background space by the same kind of opposite charge induction, disintegrating in one of it's two dimensions as one pair of it's opposite sides came into contact to create the matter-antimatter explosive mutual annihilation that we perceive as the Big Bang, which began the universe, and which scattered the remaining one-dimensional strings of matter out across space to form the universe that we see today. The strings of matter from the original two-dimensional sheet were scattered across four dimensions of the background space.

In my cosmology theory everything in the universe, both space and matter, is composed of nearly-infinitesimal negative and positive electric charges. The scale of the charges is actually what we call Planck's Length, which is why it shows up in a number of physics formula. 

The basic rules of electric charges are that opposite charges attract while like charges repel. But another component of the universe is energy. What energy does is to overcome the basic rules of the electric charges. Without any input of energy the countless electric charges are arranged in a checkerboard of alternating negative and positive charges, in multiple dimensions. This is what empty space is.

Energy overcomes either the repulsive force between like charges or the attractive force between opposite charges. If it overcomes the repulsive force between like charges, it creates particles of like charges. This is why matter is composed of charged particles, such as negatively-charged electrons. If it overcomes the attractive force between opposite charges, which is what holds space together, it creates the waves in space that we perceive as electromagnetic waves.

The electric charges of space, which are alternatively negative and positive, ordinarily perfectly balance out. The waves disturb this balance, which is why we perceive them as electromagnetic.

The energy in matter, which overcomes the repulsive force between like charges, is what gives it it's mass. This is predicted by Einstein's famous formula, E = MC squared, and is what we refer to as the Mass-Energy Equivalence. But this energy can readily be exchanged for energy with the opposite task, overcoming the attraction between opposite charges in space. 

Again we see the relationship between distance and energy. The two electric charges always have to balance out. But energy increases the distance over which they have to balance out. This makes possible the charged particles of matter and electromagnetic radiation.

Matter and electromagnetic radiation can readily be exchanged for each other. The movement of charged particles produces electromagnetic waves. The energy holding like charges together, against their mutual repulsion to form matter, can be completely reversed, to create electromagnetic radiation, by reacting matter and antimatter together. Antimatter is like matter but with the electric charges reversed so that positively charged positrons are in orbitals around negatively-charged antiprotons. Both the matter and antimatter vanish in a great burst of electromagnetic radiation.

Converting electromagnetic radiation into matter is not seen as often, because matter is concentrated while radiation is dispersed, but two photons can interact to produce a pair of charged particles of matter. This is called Pair Production. But what happens is that it produces one particle of matter and one of antimatter, so that they soon mutually annihilate back into radiation. 

In my cosmology theory, matter and energy in the universe were both formed from a two-dimensional sheet of space that was within, but not contiguous with, four dimensions of background space. Charge migration took place in the sheet, one side becoming more positive and the other more negative, in order to create a lower energy state relative to the charges of the background space. But the negative and positive sides were drawn into contact. 

This produced the fantastic matter-antimatter mutual annihilation that we perceive as the Big Bang. One dimension of the sheet disintegrated into energy and the remaining dimension formed one-dimensional strings of matter. These were "welded" together by some of the energy that was released by the disintegrated other dimension and is what we perceive today as the Mass-Energy Equivalence in matter. But this is a conversion of electromagnetic radiation into matter. 

The fact that the formulas for the relationship between distance and energy in both matter and electromagnetic radiation are identical, both involving a square, but inverted, the energy in electromagnetic radiation decreases with distance at the same rate that the energy in orbits or falling increases with distance, shows that the two are really the same thing. They are inverted because the energy goes to overcome one or the other of the basic rules of the electric charges.

This completely agrees with the difference between matter and electromagnetic radiation in my cosmology theory.

But for there to be this relationship between distance and energy there must be some innate energy in space. Outside applied energy is up against this innate energy in space, and can overcome it to some extent. 

This is explained by my cosmology theory in that space is made up of alternating negative and positive electric charges, in multiple dimensions, and the innate energy is in the attraction between adjacent charges.

This brings us to the interesting question of what exactly is distance? It might seem that the distance between two points is absolutely fixed and unchangeable. But is it really?

What is the definition of distance? Is it the number of electric charges in the space between two points? Or is distance defined in terms of the energy in the space between the two points? We see that electromagnetic radiation adds energy to space. So if there is more energy in the space between two points, although not more electric charges, does that define the two points as further apart?

We define matter as something having mass and the mass is actually the Mass-Energy Equivalence of the energy holding like charges together, against their mutual repulsion. So shouldn't distance also  be defined not by the number of electric charges, although countless, between two points but by the amount of energy in those charges?

This explains why the universe is expanding. Matter is continuously being converted into electromagnetic radiation by fusion in stars. This is adding more energy to space, although not increasing the number of electric charges. This means that light from a distant object has to go through more energy to get to us, and we would have to go through more energy to get to it. This makes it further away. 

An abbreviated version of the cosmology theory is "Cosmology Theory In Diagrams", January 2024.

A link to the full theory is "Cosmology Theory Illustrated With Diagrams", January 2024.